Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time...

30
36 Motion sections 1 Describing Motion 2 Acceleration 3 Motion and Forces Lab Force and Acceleration Lab Comparing Motion from Different Forces Virtual Lab What is the relationship between distance, average speed, and time? Taking the Plunge You probably don’t think of an amusement park as a physics laboratory. The fast speeds, quick turns, and plunging falls are a great place to study the laws of gravity and motion. In fact, engineers use these laws when they are designing and building amusement park rides. Write a paragraph describing three rides in an amusement park and how the rides cause you to move. Science Journal Lester Lefkowitz/CORBIS

Transcript of Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time...

Page 1: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

36

Motion

sections

1 Describing Motion

2 Acceleration

3 Motion and ForcesLab Force and AccelerationLab Comparing Motion fromDifferent Forces

Virtual Lab What is the relationship betweendistance average speed and time

Taking the PlungeYou probably donrsquot think of an amusementpark as a physics laboratory The fast speedsquick turns and plunging falls are a great placeto study the laws of gravity and motion Infact engineers use these laws when they aredesigning and building amusement park rides

Write a paragraph describing threerides in an amusement park and how the rides cause you to moveScience Journal

Lester LefkowitzCORBIS

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37

Motion Many things are inmotion in your everyday lifeMake the following Foldable to

help you better understand motion as you readthe chapter

Fold a sheet of paper in half length-wise Make the back edge about125 cm longer than the front edge

Fold in half then fold inhalf again to make threefolds

Unfold and cut only the top layer alongthe three folds to make four tabs

Label the tabs

Identify Questions Before you read the chap-ter select a motion you can observe and write itunder the left tab As you read the chapter writeanswers to the other questions under the appro-priate tabs

STEP 4

STEP 3

STEP 2

STEP 1

Compare SpeedsA cheetah can run at a speed of almost120 kmh and is the fastest runner in theworld A horse can reach a speed of 64 kmhan elephantrsquos top speed is about 40 kmhand the fastest snake slithers at a speedof about 3 kmh The speed of an object iscalculated by dividing the distance the objecttravels by the time it takes it to move thatdistance How does your speed compare tothe speeds of these animals

1 Use a meterstick to mark off 10 m

2 Have your partner use a stopwatch todetermine how fast you run 10 m

3 Divide 10 m by your time in seconds tocalculate your speed in ms

4 Multiply your answer by 36 to determineyour speed in kmh

5 Think Critically Write a paragraph inyour Science Journal comparing yourspeed with the maximum speed of acheetah horse elephant and snakeCould you win a race with any of them

Start-Up Activities

Preview this chapterrsquos contentand activities at gpsciencecom

Whatmotion

Howfar

In whatdirection

Howfast

37Lester LefkowitzCORBIS

38 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Motion Are distance and time important in describing running

events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics Would thewinners of the 5-km race and the 10-km race complete the runin the same length of time

Distance and time are important In order to win a race youmust cover the distance in the shortest amount of time Thetime required to run the 10-km race should be longer than thetime needed to complete the 5-km race because the first distanceis longer How would you describe the motion of the runners inthe two races

Motion and Position You donrsquot always need to see some-thing move to know that motion has taken place For examplesuppose you look out a window and see a mail truck stoppednext to a mailbox One minute later you look out again and seethe same truck stopped farther down the street Although youdidnrsquot see the truck move you know it moved because its posi-tion relative to the mailbox changed

A reference point is needed to determine the position of anobject In Figure 1 the reference point might be a tree or a mail-box Motion occurs when an object changes its position relativeto a reference point The motion of an object depends on thereference point that is chosen For example the motion of themail truck in Figure 1 would be different if the reference pointwere a car moving along the street instead of a mailbox

Describing Motion

Distinguish between distanceand displacement

Explain the difference betweenspeed and velocity

Interpret motion graphs

Understanding the nature of motionand how to describe it helps youunderstand why motion occurs

Review Vocabularyinstantaneous occurring at a par-ticular instant of time

New Vocabulary

bull distance

bull displacement

bull speed

bull average speed

bull instantaneous speed

bull velocity

Figure 1 This mail truck is inmotionInfer How do you know the mailtruck has moved

Reading Guide

Icon Images

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 39

Frame of Reference After a reference point is chosen aframe of reference can be created A frame of reference is a coor-dinate system in which the position of the objects is measuredThe x-axis and y-axis of the reference frame are drawn so thatthey intersect the reference point

Distance In track-and-field events have you ever run a 50-mdash A distance of 50 m was marked on the track or athletic fieldto show you how far to run An important part of describing themotion of an object is to describe how far it has moved which isdistance The SI unit of length or distance is the meter (m)Longer distances are measured in kilometers (km) One kilome-ter is equal to 1000 m Shorter distances are measured in cen-timeters (cm) One meter is equal to 100 centimeters

Displacement Suppose a runner jogs to the 50-m mark andthen turns around and runs back to the 20-m mark as shown inFigure 2 The runner travels 50 m in the original direction(north) plus 30 m in the opposite direction (south) so the totaldistance she ran is 80 m How far is she from the starting lineThe answer is 20 m Sometimes you may want to know not onlyyour distance but also your direction from a reference pointsuch as from the starting point Displacement is the distanceand direction of an objectrsquos change in position from the startingpoint The runnerrsquos displacement in Figure 2 is 20 m north

The length of the runnerrsquos displacement andthe distance traveled would be the same if therunnerrsquos motion was in a single direction If therunner ran from the starting point to the finishline in a straight line then the distance traveledwould be 50 m and the displacement would be50 m north

How do distance anddisplacement differ

Speed Think back to the example of the mail truckrsquos

motion in Figure 1 You could describe themovement by the distance traveled and by thedisplacement from the starting point You alsomight want to describe how fast it is moving Todo this you need to know how far it travels in agiven amount of time Speed is the distance anobject travels per unit of time

Distance from startingline is 20 m

30 m

50 m

40 m

30 m

20 m

10 m

50 m

Displacement = 20 m north of starting lineDistance traveled = 50 m + 30 m = 80 m

N

Figure 2 Distance and displace-ment are not the same The runnerrsquosdisplacement is 20 m north of thestarting line However the totaldistance traveled is 80 m

Moving Through SpaceUsing the Sun as yourreference point you aremoving about 30 kmthrough space every secondWhat is this speed inmeters per second

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40 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Speed Any change over time is called a rate Ifyou think of distance as the change in position then speed is therate at which distance is traveled or the rate of change in position

The SI unit for distance is the meter and the SI unit of time isthe second (s) so in SI units of speed are measured in meters persecond (ms) Sometimes it is more convenient to express speedin other units such as kilometers per hour (kmh) Table 1 showssome convenient units for certain types of motion

Solve a One-Step Equation

1 A passenger elevator operates at an average speed of 8 ms If the 60th floor is 219 m above

the first floor how long does it take the elevator to go from the first floor to the 60th floor

2 A motorcyclist travels an average speed of 20 kmh If the cyclist is going to a friendrsquos house

5 km away how long does it take the cyclist to make the trip

For more practice problems go to page 834 and visit gpsciencecomextra_problems

CALCULATING SPEED A car traveling at a constant speed covers a distance of 750 m in 25 s

What is the carrsquos speed

known values and the unknown value

Identify the known values

covers a distance of 750 m d = 750 m

in 25 s t = 25 s

Identify the unknown value

What is the carrsquos speed s = ms

the problem

Substitute the given values of distance and time into the speed equation

s dt

75025

ms

30 ms

the answer

Does your answer seem reasonable Check your answer by multiplying the time by the

speed The result should be the distance given in the problem

CHECK

SOLVE

means

means

means

IDENTIFY

Speed Equationdistance (in meters)

speed (in meterssecond) time (in seconds)

ds

t

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 41

Motion with Constant Speed Suppose you are in a car trav-eling on a nearly empty freeway You look at the speedometer andsee that the carrsquos speed hardly changes If the car neither slows downnor speeds up the car is traveling at a constant speed If you aretraveling at a constant speed you can measure your speed over anydistance interval

Changing Speed Usually speed is not constant Think aboutriding a bicycle for a distance of 5 km as in Figure 3 As you startout your speed increases from 0 kmh to 20 kmh You slow downto 10 kmh as you pedal up a steep hill and speed up to 30 kmhgoing down the other side of the hill You stop for a red lightspeed up again and move at a constant speed for a while Finallyyou slow down and then stop Checking your watch you find thatthe trip took 15 min How would you express your speed on sucha trip Would you use your fastest speed your slowest speed orsome speed between the two

Figure 3 The graph shows howthe speed of a cyclist changesduring a tripExplain how you describe thespeed of an object when the speedis changing

Table 1 Examples of Units of Speed

Unit of Examples of Uses Approximate Speed Speed

kms rocket escaping Earthrsquos 112 kms atmosphere

kmh car traveling at highway speed 100 kmh

cmyr geological plate movements 2cmyrndash17 cmyr

Speed Changing over Distance

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Topic Running SpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the runningspeeds of various animals

Activity In your Science Journaldescribe how running fast benefitsthe survival of animals in the wild

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42 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Average Speed Average speed describes speed of motionwhen speed is changing Average speed is the total distance trav-eled divided by the total time of travel It can be calculated usingthe relationships among speed distance and time For the bicy-cle trip just described the total distance traveled was 5 km andthe total time was 14 h or 025 h The average speed was

Instantaneous Speed Suppose you watch a carrsquos speed-ometer like the one in Figure 4 go from 0 kmh to 60 kmh Aspeedometer shows how fast a car is going at one point in timeor at one instant The speed shown on a speedometer is theinstantaneous speed Instantaneous speed is the speed at agiven point in time

Changing Instantaneous Speed When something isspeeding up or slowing down its instantaneous speed is chang-ing The speed is different at every point in time If an object ismoving with constant speed the instantaneous speed doesnrsquotchange The speed is the same at every point in time

What are two examples of motion in which theinstantaneous speed changes

Graphing MotionThe motion of an object over a period of time can be shown

on a distance-time graph Time is plotted along the horizontalaxis of the graph and the distance traveled is plotted along the ver-tical axis of the graph If the object moves with constant speed theincrease in distance over equal time intervals is the same As aresult the line representing the objectrsquos motion is a straight line

For example the graph shown in Figure 5 represents themotion of three swimmers during a 30-min workout Thestraight red line represents the motion of Mary who swam witha constant speed of 80 mmin over the 30-min workout Thestraight blue line represents the motion of Kathy who swamwith a constant speed of 60 mmin during the workout

The graph shows that the line representing the motion of thefaster swimmer is steeper The steepness of a line on a graph is theslope of the line The slope of a line on a distance-time graph equalsthe speedA horizontal line on a distance-time graph has zero slopeand represents an object at rest Because Mary has a larger speedthan Kathy the line representing her motion has a larger slope

s dt

052k5m

h 20 kmh

Figure 4 The speed shown onthe speedometer gives the instan-taneous speedmdashthe speed at oneinstant in time

Describing the Motionof a CarProcedure1 Mark your starting point

on the floor with tape2 At the starting line give

your toy car a gentle pushforward At the same timestart your stopwatch

3 Stop timing when the carcomes to a complete stopMark the spot on the floorat the front of the car witha pencil Record the timefor the entire trip

4 Use a meterstick to meas-ure the distance to the near-est tenth of a centimeterand convert it to meters

AnalysisCalculate the speed Howwould the speed differ if yourepeated your experiment inexactly the same way but thecar traveled in the oppositedirection

Paul SilvermanFundamental Photographs

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 43

Changing Speed The green line represents the motion ofJulie who did not swim at a constant speed She covered 400 mat a constant speed during the first 10 min rested for the next10 min and then covered 800 m during the final 10 minDuring the first 10 min her speed was less than Maryrsquos orKathyrsquos so her line has a smaller slope During the middleperiod her speed is zero so her line over this interval is hori-zontal and has zero slope During the last time intervalshe swam as fast as Mary so that part of her line has thesame slope

Plotting a Distance-Time Graph On a distance-timegraph the distance is plotted on the vertical axis and the timeon the horizontal axis Each axis must have a scale that coversthe range of numbers to be plotted In Figure 5 the distancescale must range from 0 to 2400 m and the time scale mustrange from 0 to 30 min Then each axis can be divided intoequal time intervals to represent the data Once the scalesfor each axis are in place the data points can be plottedAfter plotting the data points draw a line connecting thepoints

Figure 5 The slope of a line on adistance-time graph gives the speedof an object in motionIdentify the part of the graph thatshows one of the swimmers restingfor 10 min

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

0

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Mary swam at a constant speed of 80 mmin Her speed was the fastestso this line has the steepest slope

At first Julieswam witha speed of40 mminThe slope ofthis line isless thanKathys line

Kathy swam with aconstant speed of60 mmin The slopeof this line is less thanthe slope of Marys line

Here Julies speed was80 mmin The slope ofthis line is the same asMarys line

Here Julies speed was 0 mminThe slope of this line is 0 mmin

Topic Olympic SwimmingSpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the speeds ofOlympic swimmers over the past60 years

Activity Make a speed-yeargraph showing the swimmingspeeds over time Are there anytrends in the speed data

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Figure 6 The speed of a storm isnot enough information to plot thepath The direction the storm ismoving must be known too

Velocity You turn on the radio and hear the tail end of

a news story about a hurricane like the one inFigure 6 that is approaching land The stormtraveling at a speed of 20 kmh is located 100 kmeast of your location Should you be worried

Unfortunately you donrsquot have enough infor-mation to answer that question Knowing onlythe speed of the storm isnrsquot much help Speeddescribes only how fast something is moving Todecide whether you need to move to a safer areayou also need to know the direction that thestorm is moving In other words you need to

know the velocity of the storm Velocity includes the speed of anobject and the direction of its motion

Escalators like the one shown in Figure 7 are found in shop-ping malls and airports The two sets of passengers pictured aremoving at constant speed but in opposite directions Thespeeds of the passengers are the same but their velocities are dif-ferent because the passengers are moving in different directions

Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed thevelocity of an object can change even if the speed of the objectremains constant For example look at Figure 7 The race carhas a constant speed and is going around an oval track Eventhough the speed remains constant the velocity changesbecause the direction of the carrsquos motion is changing constantly

How are velocity and speed different Figure 7 For an object to haveconstant velocity speed and direc-tion must not be changing

The speed of this car might be constant but itsvelocity is not constant because the direction ofmotion is always changing

The people on these two escalators have the samespeed However their velocities are differentbecause they are traveling in opposite directions

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

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Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

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Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

80770386

54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

10025672

SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 2: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

37

Motion Many things are inmotion in your everyday lifeMake the following Foldable to

help you better understand motion as you readthe chapter

Fold a sheet of paper in half length-wise Make the back edge about125 cm longer than the front edge

Fold in half then fold inhalf again to make threefolds

Unfold and cut only the top layer alongthe three folds to make four tabs

Label the tabs

Identify Questions Before you read the chap-ter select a motion you can observe and write itunder the left tab As you read the chapter writeanswers to the other questions under the appro-priate tabs

STEP 4

STEP 3

STEP 2

STEP 1

Compare SpeedsA cheetah can run at a speed of almost120 kmh and is the fastest runner in theworld A horse can reach a speed of 64 kmhan elephantrsquos top speed is about 40 kmhand the fastest snake slithers at a speedof about 3 kmh The speed of an object iscalculated by dividing the distance the objecttravels by the time it takes it to move thatdistance How does your speed compare tothe speeds of these animals

1 Use a meterstick to mark off 10 m

2 Have your partner use a stopwatch todetermine how fast you run 10 m

3 Divide 10 m by your time in seconds tocalculate your speed in ms

4 Multiply your answer by 36 to determineyour speed in kmh

5 Think Critically Write a paragraph inyour Science Journal comparing yourspeed with the maximum speed of acheetah horse elephant and snakeCould you win a race with any of them

Start-Up Activities

Preview this chapterrsquos contentand activities at gpsciencecom

Whatmotion

Howfar

In whatdirection

Howfast

37Lester LefkowitzCORBIS

38 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Motion Are distance and time important in describing running

events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics Would thewinners of the 5-km race and the 10-km race complete the runin the same length of time

Distance and time are important In order to win a race youmust cover the distance in the shortest amount of time Thetime required to run the 10-km race should be longer than thetime needed to complete the 5-km race because the first distanceis longer How would you describe the motion of the runners inthe two races

Motion and Position You donrsquot always need to see some-thing move to know that motion has taken place For examplesuppose you look out a window and see a mail truck stoppednext to a mailbox One minute later you look out again and seethe same truck stopped farther down the street Although youdidnrsquot see the truck move you know it moved because its posi-tion relative to the mailbox changed

A reference point is needed to determine the position of anobject In Figure 1 the reference point might be a tree or a mail-box Motion occurs when an object changes its position relativeto a reference point The motion of an object depends on thereference point that is chosen For example the motion of themail truck in Figure 1 would be different if the reference pointwere a car moving along the street instead of a mailbox

Describing Motion

Distinguish between distanceand displacement

Explain the difference betweenspeed and velocity

Interpret motion graphs

Understanding the nature of motionand how to describe it helps youunderstand why motion occurs

Review Vocabularyinstantaneous occurring at a par-ticular instant of time

New Vocabulary

bull distance

bull displacement

bull speed

bull average speed

bull instantaneous speed

bull velocity

Figure 1 This mail truck is inmotionInfer How do you know the mailtruck has moved

Reading Guide

Icon Images

2004

8886792

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 39

Frame of Reference After a reference point is chosen aframe of reference can be created A frame of reference is a coor-dinate system in which the position of the objects is measuredThe x-axis and y-axis of the reference frame are drawn so thatthey intersect the reference point

Distance In track-and-field events have you ever run a 50-mdash A distance of 50 m was marked on the track or athletic fieldto show you how far to run An important part of describing themotion of an object is to describe how far it has moved which isdistance The SI unit of length or distance is the meter (m)Longer distances are measured in kilometers (km) One kilome-ter is equal to 1000 m Shorter distances are measured in cen-timeters (cm) One meter is equal to 100 centimeters

Displacement Suppose a runner jogs to the 50-m mark andthen turns around and runs back to the 20-m mark as shown inFigure 2 The runner travels 50 m in the original direction(north) plus 30 m in the opposite direction (south) so the totaldistance she ran is 80 m How far is she from the starting lineThe answer is 20 m Sometimes you may want to know not onlyyour distance but also your direction from a reference pointsuch as from the starting point Displacement is the distanceand direction of an objectrsquos change in position from the startingpoint The runnerrsquos displacement in Figure 2 is 20 m north

The length of the runnerrsquos displacement andthe distance traveled would be the same if therunnerrsquos motion was in a single direction If therunner ran from the starting point to the finishline in a straight line then the distance traveledwould be 50 m and the displacement would be50 m north

How do distance anddisplacement differ

Speed Think back to the example of the mail truckrsquos

motion in Figure 1 You could describe themovement by the distance traveled and by thedisplacement from the starting point You alsomight want to describe how fast it is moving Todo this you need to know how far it travels in agiven amount of time Speed is the distance anobject travels per unit of time

Distance from startingline is 20 m

30 m

50 m

40 m

30 m

20 m

10 m

50 m

Displacement = 20 m north of starting lineDistance traveled = 50 m + 30 m = 80 m

N

Figure 2 Distance and displace-ment are not the same The runnerrsquosdisplacement is 20 m north of thestarting line However the totaldistance traveled is 80 m

Moving Through SpaceUsing the Sun as yourreference point you aremoving about 30 kmthrough space every secondWhat is this speed inmeters per second

2004

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40 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Speed Any change over time is called a rate Ifyou think of distance as the change in position then speed is therate at which distance is traveled or the rate of change in position

The SI unit for distance is the meter and the SI unit of time isthe second (s) so in SI units of speed are measured in meters persecond (ms) Sometimes it is more convenient to express speedin other units such as kilometers per hour (kmh) Table 1 showssome convenient units for certain types of motion

Solve a One-Step Equation

1 A passenger elevator operates at an average speed of 8 ms If the 60th floor is 219 m above

the first floor how long does it take the elevator to go from the first floor to the 60th floor

2 A motorcyclist travels an average speed of 20 kmh If the cyclist is going to a friendrsquos house

5 km away how long does it take the cyclist to make the trip

For more practice problems go to page 834 and visit gpsciencecomextra_problems

CALCULATING SPEED A car traveling at a constant speed covers a distance of 750 m in 25 s

What is the carrsquos speed

known values and the unknown value

Identify the known values

covers a distance of 750 m d = 750 m

in 25 s t = 25 s

Identify the unknown value

What is the carrsquos speed s = ms

the problem

Substitute the given values of distance and time into the speed equation

s dt

75025

ms

30 ms

the answer

Does your answer seem reasonable Check your answer by multiplying the time by the

speed The result should be the distance given in the problem

CHECK

SOLVE

means

means

means

IDENTIFY

Speed Equationdistance (in meters)

speed (in meterssecond) time (in seconds)

ds

t

2004

5109574

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 41

Motion with Constant Speed Suppose you are in a car trav-eling on a nearly empty freeway You look at the speedometer andsee that the carrsquos speed hardly changes If the car neither slows downnor speeds up the car is traveling at a constant speed If you aretraveling at a constant speed you can measure your speed over anydistance interval

Changing Speed Usually speed is not constant Think aboutriding a bicycle for a distance of 5 km as in Figure 3 As you startout your speed increases from 0 kmh to 20 kmh You slow downto 10 kmh as you pedal up a steep hill and speed up to 30 kmhgoing down the other side of the hill You stop for a red lightspeed up again and move at a constant speed for a while Finallyyou slow down and then stop Checking your watch you find thatthe trip took 15 min How would you express your speed on sucha trip Would you use your fastest speed your slowest speed orsome speed between the two

Figure 3 The graph shows howthe speed of a cyclist changesduring a tripExplain how you describe thespeed of an object when the speedis changing

Table 1 Examples of Units of Speed

Unit of Examples of Uses Approximate Speed Speed

kms rocket escaping Earthrsquos 112 kms atmosphere

kmh car traveling at highway speed 100 kmh

cmyr geological plate movements 2cmyrndash17 cmyr

Speed Changing over Distance

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Topic Running SpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the runningspeeds of various animals

Activity In your Science Journaldescribe how running fast benefitsthe survival of animals in the wild

2004

6650826

42 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Average Speed Average speed describes speed of motionwhen speed is changing Average speed is the total distance trav-eled divided by the total time of travel It can be calculated usingthe relationships among speed distance and time For the bicy-cle trip just described the total distance traveled was 5 km andthe total time was 14 h or 025 h The average speed was

Instantaneous Speed Suppose you watch a carrsquos speed-ometer like the one in Figure 4 go from 0 kmh to 60 kmh Aspeedometer shows how fast a car is going at one point in timeor at one instant The speed shown on a speedometer is theinstantaneous speed Instantaneous speed is the speed at agiven point in time

Changing Instantaneous Speed When something isspeeding up or slowing down its instantaneous speed is chang-ing The speed is different at every point in time If an object ismoving with constant speed the instantaneous speed doesnrsquotchange The speed is the same at every point in time

What are two examples of motion in which theinstantaneous speed changes

Graphing MotionThe motion of an object over a period of time can be shown

on a distance-time graph Time is plotted along the horizontalaxis of the graph and the distance traveled is plotted along the ver-tical axis of the graph If the object moves with constant speed theincrease in distance over equal time intervals is the same As aresult the line representing the objectrsquos motion is a straight line

For example the graph shown in Figure 5 represents themotion of three swimmers during a 30-min workout Thestraight red line represents the motion of Mary who swam witha constant speed of 80 mmin over the 30-min workout Thestraight blue line represents the motion of Kathy who swamwith a constant speed of 60 mmin during the workout

The graph shows that the line representing the motion of thefaster swimmer is steeper The steepness of a line on a graph is theslope of the line The slope of a line on a distance-time graph equalsthe speedA horizontal line on a distance-time graph has zero slopeand represents an object at rest Because Mary has a larger speedthan Kathy the line representing her motion has a larger slope

s dt

052k5m

h 20 kmh

Figure 4 The speed shown onthe speedometer gives the instan-taneous speedmdashthe speed at oneinstant in time

Describing the Motionof a CarProcedure1 Mark your starting point

on the floor with tape2 At the starting line give

your toy car a gentle pushforward At the same timestart your stopwatch

3 Stop timing when the carcomes to a complete stopMark the spot on the floorat the front of the car witha pencil Record the timefor the entire trip

4 Use a meterstick to meas-ure the distance to the near-est tenth of a centimeterand convert it to meters

AnalysisCalculate the speed Howwould the speed differ if yourepeated your experiment inexactly the same way but thecar traveled in the oppositedirection

Paul SilvermanFundamental Photographs

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 43

Changing Speed The green line represents the motion ofJulie who did not swim at a constant speed She covered 400 mat a constant speed during the first 10 min rested for the next10 min and then covered 800 m during the final 10 minDuring the first 10 min her speed was less than Maryrsquos orKathyrsquos so her line has a smaller slope During the middleperiod her speed is zero so her line over this interval is hori-zontal and has zero slope During the last time intervalshe swam as fast as Mary so that part of her line has thesame slope

Plotting a Distance-Time Graph On a distance-timegraph the distance is plotted on the vertical axis and the timeon the horizontal axis Each axis must have a scale that coversthe range of numbers to be plotted In Figure 5 the distancescale must range from 0 to 2400 m and the time scale mustrange from 0 to 30 min Then each axis can be divided intoequal time intervals to represent the data Once the scalesfor each axis are in place the data points can be plottedAfter plotting the data points draw a line connecting thepoints

Figure 5 The slope of a line on adistance-time graph gives the speedof an object in motionIdentify the part of the graph thatshows one of the swimmers restingfor 10 min

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

0

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Mary swam at a constant speed of 80 mmin Her speed was the fastestso this line has the steepest slope

At first Julieswam witha speed of40 mminThe slope ofthis line isless thanKathys line

Kathy swam with aconstant speed of60 mmin The slopeof this line is less thanthe slope of Marys line

Here Julies speed was80 mmin The slope ofthis line is the same asMarys line

Here Julies speed was 0 mminThe slope of this line is 0 mmin

Topic Olympic SwimmingSpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the speeds ofOlympic swimmers over the past60 years

Activity Make a speed-yeargraph showing the swimmingspeeds over time Are there anytrends in the speed data

2004

7486701

Figure 6 The speed of a storm isnot enough information to plot thepath The direction the storm ismoving must be known too

Velocity You turn on the radio and hear the tail end of

a news story about a hurricane like the one inFigure 6 that is approaching land The stormtraveling at a speed of 20 kmh is located 100 kmeast of your location Should you be worried

Unfortunately you donrsquot have enough infor-mation to answer that question Knowing onlythe speed of the storm isnrsquot much help Speeddescribes only how fast something is moving Todecide whether you need to move to a safer areayou also need to know the direction that thestorm is moving In other words you need to

know the velocity of the storm Velocity includes the speed of anobject and the direction of its motion

Escalators like the one shown in Figure 7 are found in shop-ping malls and airports The two sets of passengers pictured aremoving at constant speed but in opposite directions Thespeeds of the passengers are the same but their velocities are dif-ferent because the passengers are moving in different directions

Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed thevelocity of an object can change even if the speed of the objectremains constant For example look at Figure 7 The race carhas a constant speed and is going around an oval track Eventhough the speed remains constant the velocity changesbecause the direction of the carrsquos motion is changing constantly

How are velocity and speed different Figure 7 For an object to haveconstant velocity speed and direc-tion must not be changing

The speed of this car might be constant but itsvelocity is not constant because the direction ofmotion is always changing

The people on these two escalators have the samespeed However their velocities are differentbecause they are traveling in opposite directions

44

M626_04C_MSS02

(t)S

uper

Sto

ck

(b)R

ober

t H

olm

esC

OR

BIS

2004

8531545

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

2004

51722694

Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

2004

7737464

SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

2004

9174124

48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

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15103911

NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

80770386

54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 3: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

38 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Motion Are distance and time important in describing running

events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics Would thewinners of the 5-km race and the 10-km race complete the runin the same length of time

Distance and time are important In order to win a race youmust cover the distance in the shortest amount of time Thetime required to run the 10-km race should be longer than thetime needed to complete the 5-km race because the first distanceis longer How would you describe the motion of the runners inthe two races

Motion and Position You donrsquot always need to see some-thing move to know that motion has taken place For examplesuppose you look out a window and see a mail truck stoppednext to a mailbox One minute later you look out again and seethe same truck stopped farther down the street Although youdidnrsquot see the truck move you know it moved because its posi-tion relative to the mailbox changed

A reference point is needed to determine the position of anobject In Figure 1 the reference point might be a tree or a mail-box Motion occurs when an object changes its position relativeto a reference point The motion of an object depends on thereference point that is chosen For example the motion of themail truck in Figure 1 would be different if the reference pointwere a car moving along the street instead of a mailbox

Describing Motion

Distinguish between distanceand displacement

Explain the difference betweenspeed and velocity

Interpret motion graphs

Understanding the nature of motionand how to describe it helps youunderstand why motion occurs

Review Vocabularyinstantaneous occurring at a par-ticular instant of time

New Vocabulary

bull distance

bull displacement

bull speed

bull average speed

bull instantaneous speed

bull velocity

Figure 1 This mail truck is inmotionInfer How do you know the mailtruck has moved

Reading Guide

Icon Images

2004

8886792

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 39

Frame of Reference After a reference point is chosen aframe of reference can be created A frame of reference is a coor-dinate system in which the position of the objects is measuredThe x-axis and y-axis of the reference frame are drawn so thatthey intersect the reference point

Distance In track-and-field events have you ever run a 50-mdash A distance of 50 m was marked on the track or athletic fieldto show you how far to run An important part of describing themotion of an object is to describe how far it has moved which isdistance The SI unit of length or distance is the meter (m)Longer distances are measured in kilometers (km) One kilome-ter is equal to 1000 m Shorter distances are measured in cen-timeters (cm) One meter is equal to 100 centimeters

Displacement Suppose a runner jogs to the 50-m mark andthen turns around and runs back to the 20-m mark as shown inFigure 2 The runner travels 50 m in the original direction(north) plus 30 m in the opposite direction (south) so the totaldistance she ran is 80 m How far is she from the starting lineThe answer is 20 m Sometimes you may want to know not onlyyour distance but also your direction from a reference pointsuch as from the starting point Displacement is the distanceand direction of an objectrsquos change in position from the startingpoint The runnerrsquos displacement in Figure 2 is 20 m north

The length of the runnerrsquos displacement andthe distance traveled would be the same if therunnerrsquos motion was in a single direction If therunner ran from the starting point to the finishline in a straight line then the distance traveledwould be 50 m and the displacement would be50 m north

How do distance anddisplacement differ

Speed Think back to the example of the mail truckrsquos

motion in Figure 1 You could describe themovement by the distance traveled and by thedisplacement from the starting point You alsomight want to describe how fast it is moving Todo this you need to know how far it travels in agiven amount of time Speed is the distance anobject travels per unit of time

Distance from startingline is 20 m

30 m

50 m

40 m

30 m

20 m

10 m

50 m

Displacement = 20 m north of starting lineDistance traveled = 50 m + 30 m = 80 m

N

Figure 2 Distance and displace-ment are not the same The runnerrsquosdisplacement is 20 m north of thestarting line However the totaldistance traveled is 80 m

Moving Through SpaceUsing the Sun as yourreference point you aremoving about 30 kmthrough space every secondWhat is this speed inmeters per second

2004

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40 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Speed Any change over time is called a rate Ifyou think of distance as the change in position then speed is therate at which distance is traveled or the rate of change in position

The SI unit for distance is the meter and the SI unit of time isthe second (s) so in SI units of speed are measured in meters persecond (ms) Sometimes it is more convenient to express speedin other units such as kilometers per hour (kmh) Table 1 showssome convenient units for certain types of motion

Solve a One-Step Equation

1 A passenger elevator operates at an average speed of 8 ms If the 60th floor is 219 m above

the first floor how long does it take the elevator to go from the first floor to the 60th floor

2 A motorcyclist travels an average speed of 20 kmh If the cyclist is going to a friendrsquos house

5 km away how long does it take the cyclist to make the trip

For more practice problems go to page 834 and visit gpsciencecomextra_problems

CALCULATING SPEED A car traveling at a constant speed covers a distance of 750 m in 25 s

What is the carrsquos speed

known values and the unknown value

Identify the known values

covers a distance of 750 m d = 750 m

in 25 s t = 25 s

Identify the unknown value

What is the carrsquos speed s = ms

the problem

Substitute the given values of distance and time into the speed equation

s dt

75025

ms

30 ms

the answer

Does your answer seem reasonable Check your answer by multiplying the time by the

speed The result should be the distance given in the problem

CHECK

SOLVE

means

means

means

IDENTIFY

Speed Equationdistance (in meters)

speed (in meterssecond) time (in seconds)

ds

t

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 41

Motion with Constant Speed Suppose you are in a car trav-eling on a nearly empty freeway You look at the speedometer andsee that the carrsquos speed hardly changes If the car neither slows downnor speeds up the car is traveling at a constant speed If you aretraveling at a constant speed you can measure your speed over anydistance interval

Changing Speed Usually speed is not constant Think aboutriding a bicycle for a distance of 5 km as in Figure 3 As you startout your speed increases from 0 kmh to 20 kmh You slow downto 10 kmh as you pedal up a steep hill and speed up to 30 kmhgoing down the other side of the hill You stop for a red lightspeed up again and move at a constant speed for a while Finallyyou slow down and then stop Checking your watch you find thatthe trip took 15 min How would you express your speed on sucha trip Would you use your fastest speed your slowest speed orsome speed between the two

Figure 3 The graph shows howthe speed of a cyclist changesduring a tripExplain how you describe thespeed of an object when the speedis changing

Table 1 Examples of Units of Speed

Unit of Examples of Uses Approximate Speed Speed

kms rocket escaping Earthrsquos 112 kms atmosphere

kmh car traveling at highway speed 100 kmh

cmyr geological plate movements 2cmyrndash17 cmyr

Speed Changing over Distance

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Topic Running SpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the runningspeeds of various animals

Activity In your Science Journaldescribe how running fast benefitsthe survival of animals in the wild

2004

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42 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Average Speed Average speed describes speed of motionwhen speed is changing Average speed is the total distance trav-eled divided by the total time of travel It can be calculated usingthe relationships among speed distance and time For the bicy-cle trip just described the total distance traveled was 5 km andthe total time was 14 h or 025 h The average speed was

Instantaneous Speed Suppose you watch a carrsquos speed-ometer like the one in Figure 4 go from 0 kmh to 60 kmh Aspeedometer shows how fast a car is going at one point in timeor at one instant The speed shown on a speedometer is theinstantaneous speed Instantaneous speed is the speed at agiven point in time

Changing Instantaneous Speed When something isspeeding up or slowing down its instantaneous speed is chang-ing The speed is different at every point in time If an object ismoving with constant speed the instantaneous speed doesnrsquotchange The speed is the same at every point in time

What are two examples of motion in which theinstantaneous speed changes

Graphing MotionThe motion of an object over a period of time can be shown

on a distance-time graph Time is plotted along the horizontalaxis of the graph and the distance traveled is plotted along the ver-tical axis of the graph If the object moves with constant speed theincrease in distance over equal time intervals is the same As aresult the line representing the objectrsquos motion is a straight line

For example the graph shown in Figure 5 represents themotion of three swimmers during a 30-min workout Thestraight red line represents the motion of Mary who swam witha constant speed of 80 mmin over the 30-min workout Thestraight blue line represents the motion of Kathy who swamwith a constant speed of 60 mmin during the workout

The graph shows that the line representing the motion of thefaster swimmer is steeper The steepness of a line on a graph is theslope of the line The slope of a line on a distance-time graph equalsthe speedA horizontal line on a distance-time graph has zero slopeand represents an object at rest Because Mary has a larger speedthan Kathy the line representing her motion has a larger slope

s dt

052k5m

h 20 kmh

Figure 4 The speed shown onthe speedometer gives the instan-taneous speedmdashthe speed at oneinstant in time

Describing the Motionof a CarProcedure1 Mark your starting point

on the floor with tape2 At the starting line give

your toy car a gentle pushforward At the same timestart your stopwatch

3 Stop timing when the carcomes to a complete stopMark the spot on the floorat the front of the car witha pencil Record the timefor the entire trip

4 Use a meterstick to meas-ure the distance to the near-est tenth of a centimeterand convert it to meters

AnalysisCalculate the speed Howwould the speed differ if yourepeated your experiment inexactly the same way but thecar traveled in the oppositedirection

Paul SilvermanFundamental Photographs

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 43

Changing Speed The green line represents the motion ofJulie who did not swim at a constant speed She covered 400 mat a constant speed during the first 10 min rested for the next10 min and then covered 800 m during the final 10 minDuring the first 10 min her speed was less than Maryrsquos orKathyrsquos so her line has a smaller slope During the middleperiod her speed is zero so her line over this interval is hori-zontal and has zero slope During the last time intervalshe swam as fast as Mary so that part of her line has thesame slope

Plotting a Distance-Time Graph On a distance-timegraph the distance is plotted on the vertical axis and the timeon the horizontal axis Each axis must have a scale that coversthe range of numbers to be plotted In Figure 5 the distancescale must range from 0 to 2400 m and the time scale mustrange from 0 to 30 min Then each axis can be divided intoequal time intervals to represent the data Once the scalesfor each axis are in place the data points can be plottedAfter plotting the data points draw a line connecting thepoints

Figure 5 The slope of a line on adistance-time graph gives the speedof an object in motionIdentify the part of the graph thatshows one of the swimmers restingfor 10 min

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

0

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Mary swam at a constant speed of 80 mmin Her speed was the fastestso this line has the steepest slope

At first Julieswam witha speed of40 mminThe slope ofthis line isless thanKathys line

Kathy swam with aconstant speed of60 mmin The slopeof this line is less thanthe slope of Marys line

Here Julies speed was80 mmin The slope ofthis line is the same asMarys line

Here Julies speed was 0 mminThe slope of this line is 0 mmin

Topic Olympic SwimmingSpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the speeds ofOlympic swimmers over the past60 years

Activity Make a speed-yeargraph showing the swimmingspeeds over time Are there anytrends in the speed data

2004

7486701

Figure 6 The speed of a storm isnot enough information to plot thepath The direction the storm ismoving must be known too

Velocity You turn on the radio and hear the tail end of

a news story about a hurricane like the one inFigure 6 that is approaching land The stormtraveling at a speed of 20 kmh is located 100 kmeast of your location Should you be worried

Unfortunately you donrsquot have enough infor-mation to answer that question Knowing onlythe speed of the storm isnrsquot much help Speeddescribes only how fast something is moving Todecide whether you need to move to a safer areayou also need to know the direction that thestorm is moving In other words you need to

know the velocity of the storm Velocity includes the speed of anobject and the direction of its motion

Escalators like the one shown in Figure 7 are found in shop-ping malls and airports The two sets of passengers pictured aremoving at constant speed but in opposite directions Thespeeds of the passengers are the same but their velocities are dif-ferent because the passengers are moving in different directions

Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed thevelocity of an object can change even if the speed of the objectremains constant For example look at Figure 7 The race carhas a constant speed and is going around an oval track Eventhough the speed remains constant the velocity changesbecause the direction of the carrsquos motion is changing constantly

How are velocity and speed different Figure 7 For an object to haveconstant velocity speed and direc-tion must not be changing

The speed of this car might be constant but itsvelocity is not constant because the direction ofmotion is always changing

The people on these two escalators have the samespeed However their velocities are differentbecause they are traveling in opposite directions

44

M626_04C_MSS02

(t)S

uper

Sto

ck

(b)R

ober

t H

olm

esC

OR

BIS

2004

8531545

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

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Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

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NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

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56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 4: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 39

Frame of Reference After a reference point is chosen aframe of reference can be created A frame of reference is a coor-dinate system in which the position of the objects is measuredThe x-axis and y-axis of the reference frame are drawn so thatthey intersect the reference point

Distance In track-and-field events have you ever run a 50-mdash A distance of 50 m was marked on the track or athletic fieldto show you how far to run An important part of describing themotion of an object is to describe how far it has moved which isdistance The SI unit of length or distance is the meter (m)Longer distances are measured in kilometers (km) One kilome-ter is equal to 1000 m Shorter distances are measured in cen-timeters (cm) One meter is equal to 100 centimeters

Displacement Suppose a runner jogs to the 50-m mark andthen turns around and runs back to the 20-m mark as shown inFigure 2 The runner travels 50 m in the original direction(north) plus 30 m in the opposite direction (south) so the totaldistance she ran is 80 m How far is she from the starting lineThe answer is 20 m Sometimes you may want to know not onlyyour distance but also your direction from a reference pointsuch as from the starting point Displacement is the distanceand direction of an objectrsquos change in position from the startingpoint The runnerrsquos displacement in Figure 2 is 20 m north

The length of the runnerrsquos displacement andthe distance traveled would be the same if therunnerrsquos motion was in a single direction If therunner ran from the starting point to the finishline in a straight line then the distance traveledwould be 50 m and the displacement would be50 m north

How do distance anddisplacement differ

Speed Think back to the example of the mail truckrsquos

motion in Figure 1 You could describe themovement by the distance traveled and by thedisplacement from the starting point You alsomight want to describe how fast it is moving Todo this you need to know how far it travels in agiven amount of time Speed is the distance anobject travels per unit of time

Distance from startingline is 20 m

30 m

50 m

40 m

30 m

20 m

10 m

50 m

Displacement = 20 m north of starting lineDistance traveled = 50 m + 30 m = 80 m

N

Figure 2 Distance and displace-ment are not the same The runnerrsquosdisplacement is 20 m north of thestarting line However the totaldistance traveled is 80 m

Moving Through SpaceUsing the Sun as yourreference point you aremoving about 30 kmthrough space every secondWhat is this speed inmeters per second

2004

1390216

40 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Speed Any change over time is called a rate Ifyou think of distance as the change in position then speed is therate at which distance is traveled or the rate of change in position

The SI unit for distance is the meter and the SI unit of time isthe second (s) so in SI units of speed are measured in meters persecond (ms) Sometimes it is more convenient to express speedin other units such as kilometers per hour (kmh) Table 1 showssome convenient units for certain types of motion

Solve a One-Step Equation

1 A passenger elevator operates at an average speed of 8 ms If the 60th floor is 219 m above

the first floor how long does it take the elevator to go from the first floor to the 60th floor

2 A motorcyclist travels an average speed of 20 kmh If the cyclist is going to a friendrsquos house

5 km away how long does it take the cyclist to make the trip

For more practice problems go to page 834 and visit gpsciencecomextra_problems

CALCULATING SPEED A car traveling at a constant speed covers a distance of 750 m in 25 s

What is the carrsquos speed

known values and the unknown value

Identify the known values

covers a distance of 750 m d = 750 m

in 25 s t = 25 s

Identify the unknown value

What is the carrsquos speed s = ms

the problem

Substitute the given values of distance and time into the speed equation

s dt

75025

ms

30 ms

the answer

Does your answer seem reasonable Check your answer by multiplying the time by the

speed The result should be the distance given in the problem

CHECK

SOLVE

means

means

means

IDENTIFY

Speed Equationdistance (in meters)

speed (in meterssecond) time (in seconds)

ds

t

2004

5109574

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 41

Motion with Constant Speed Suppose you are in a car trav-eling on a nearly empty freeway You look at the speedometer andsee that the carrsquos speed hardly changes If the car neither slows downnor speeds up the car is traveling at a constant speed If you aretraveling at a constant speed you can measure your speed over anydistance interval

Changing Speed Usually speed is not constant Think aboutriding a bicycle for a distance of 5 km as in Figure 3 As you startout your speed increases from 0 kmh to 20 kmh You slow downto 10 kmh as you pedal up a steep hill and speed up to 30 kmhgoing down the other side of the hill You stop for a red lightspeed up again and move at a constant speed for a while Finallyyou slow down and then stop Checking your watch you find thatthe trip took 15 min How would you express your speed on sucha trip Would you use your fastest speed your slowest speed orsome speed between the two

Figure 3 The graph shows howthe speed of a cyclist changesduring a tripExplain how you describe thespeed of an object when the speedis changing

Table 1 Examples of Units of Speed

Unit of Examples of Uses Approximate Speed Speed

kms rocket escaping Earthrsquos 112 kms atmosphere

kmh car traveling at highway speed 100 kmh

cmyr geological plate movements 2cmyrndash17 cmyr

Speed Changing over Distance

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Topic Running SpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the runningspeeds of various animals

Activity In your Science Journaldescribe how running fast benefitsthe survival of animals in the wild

2004

6650826

42 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Average Speed Average speed describes speed of motionwhen speed is changing Average speed is the total distance trav-eled divided by the total time of travel It can be calculated usingthe relationships among speed distance and time For the bicy-cle trip just described the total distance traveled was 5 km andthe total time was 14 h or 025 h The average speed was

Instantaneous Speed Suppose you watch a carrsquos speed-ometer like the one in Figure 4 go from 0 kmh to 60 kmh Aspeedometer shows how fast a car is going at one point in timeor at one instant The speed shown on a speedometer is theinstantaneous speed Instantaneous speed is the speed at agiven point in time

Changing Instantaneous Speed When something isspeeding up or slowing down its instantaneous speed is chang-ing The speed is different at every point in time If an object ismoving with constant speed the instantaneous speed doesnrsquotchange The speed is the same at every point in time

What are two examples of motion in which theinstantaneous speed changes

Graphing MotionThe motion of an object over a period of time can be shown

on a distance-time graph Time is plotted along the horizontalaxis of the graph and the distance traveled is plotted along the ver-tical axis of the graph If the object moves with constant speed theincrease in distance over equal time intervals is the same As aresult the line representing the objectrsquos motion is a straight line

For example the graph shown in Figure 5 represents themotion of three swimmers during a 30-min workout Thestraight red line represents the motion of Mary who swam witha constant speed of 80 mmin over the 30-min workout Thestraight blue line represents the motion of Kathy who swamwith a constant speed of 60 mmin during the workout

The graph shows that the line representing the motion of thefaster swimmer is steeper The steepness of a line on a graph is theslope of the line The slope of a line on a distance-time graph equalsthe speedA horizontal line on a distance-time graph has zero slopeand represents an object at rest Because Mary has a larger speedthan Kathy the line representing her motion has a larger slope

s dt

052k5m

h 20 kmh

Figure 4 The speed shown onthe speedometer gives the instan-taneous speedmdashthe speed at oneinstant in time

Describing the Motionof a CarProcedure1 Mark your starting point

on the floor with tape2 At the starting line give

your toy car a gentle pushforward At the same timestart your stopwatch

3 Stop timing when the carcomes to a complete stopMark the spot on the floorat the front of the car witha pencil Record the timefor the entire trip

4 Use a meterstick to meas-ure the distance to the near-est tenth of a centimeterand convert it to meters

AnalysisCalculate the speed Howwould the speed differ if yourepeated your experiment inexactly the same way but thecar traveled in the oppositedirection

Paul SilvermanFundamental Photographs

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 43

Changing Speed The green line represents the motion ofJulie who did not swim at a constant speed She covered 400 mat a constant speed during the first 10 min rested for the next10 min and then covered 800 m during the final 10 minDuring the first 10 min her speed was less than Maryrsquos orKathyrsquos so her line has a smaller slope During the middleperiod her speed is zero so her line over this interval is hori-zontal and has zero slope During the last time intervalshe swam as fast as Mary so that part of her line has thesame slope

Plotting a Distance-Time Graph On a distance-timegraph the distance is plotted on the vertical axis and the timeon the horizontal axis Each axis must have a scale that coversthe range of numbers to be plotted In Figure 5 the distancescale must range from 0 to 2400 m and the time scale mustrange from 0 to 30 min Then each axis can be divided intoequal time intervals to represent the data Once the scalesfor each axis are in place the data points can be plottedAfter plotting the data points draw a line connecting thepoints

Figure 5 The slope of a line on adistance-time graph gives the speedof an object in motionIdentify the part of the graph thatshows one of the swimmers restingfor 10 min

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

0

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Mary swam at a constant speed of 80 mmin Her speed was the fastestso this line has the steepest slope

At first Julieswam witha speed of40 mminThe slope ofthis line isless thanKathys line

Kathy swam with aconstant speed of60 mmin The slopeof this line is less thanthe slope of Marys line

Here Julies speed was80 mmin The slope ofthis line is the same asMarys line

Here Julies speed was 0 mminThe slope of this line is 0 mmin

Topic Olympic SwimmingSpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the speeds ofOlympic swimmers over the past60 years

Activity Make a speed-yeargraph showing the swimmingspeeds over time Are there anytrends in the speed data

2004

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Figure 6 The speed of a storm isnot enough information to plot thepath The direction the storm ismoving must be known too

Velocity You turn on the radio and hear the tail end of

a news story about a hurricane like the one inFigure 6 that is approaching land The stormtraveling at a speed of 20 kmh is located 100 kmeast of your location Should you be worried

Unfortunately you donrsquot have enough infor-mation to answer that question Knowing onlythe speed of the storm isnrsquot much help Speeddescribes only how fast something is moving Todecide whether you need to move to a safer areayou also need to know the direction that thestorm is moving In other words you need to

know the velocity of the storm Velocity includes the speed of anobject and the direction of its motion

Escalators like the one shown in Figure 7 are found in shop-ping malls and airports The two sets of passengers pictured aremoving at constant speed but in opposite directions Thespeeds of the passengers are the same but their velocities are dif-ferent because the passengers are moving in different directions

Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed thevelocity of an object can change even if the speed of the objectremains constant For example look at Figure 7 The race carhas a constant speed and is going around an oval track Eventhough the speed remains constant the velocity changesbecause the direction of the carrsquos motion is changing constantly

How are velocity and speed different Figure 7 For an object to haveconstant velocity speed and direc-tion must not be changing

The speed of this car might be constant but itsvelocity is not constant because the direction ofmotion is always changing

The people on these two escalators have the samespeed However their velocities are differentbecause they are traveling in opposite directions

44

M626_04C_MSS02

(t)S

uper

Sto

ck

(b)R

ober

t H

olm

esC

OR

BIS

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

2004

51722694

Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

2004

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NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

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56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 5: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

40 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Speed Any change over time is called a rate Ifyou think of distance as the change in position then speed is therate at which distance is traveled or the rate of change in position

The SI unit for distance is the meter and the SI unit of time isthe second (s) so in SI units of speed are measured in meters persecond (ms) Sometimes it is more convenient to express speedin other units such as kilometers per hour (kmh) Table 1 showssome convenient units for certain types of motion

Solve a One-Step Equation

1 A passenger elevator operates at an average speed of 8 ms If the 60th floor is 219 m above

the first floor how long does it take the elevator to go from the first floor to the 60th floor

2 A motorcyclist travels an average speed of 20 kmh If the cyclist is going to a friendrsquos house

5 km away how long does it take the cyclist to make the trip

For more practice problems go to page 834 and visit gpsciencecomextra_problems

CALCULATING SPEED A car traveling at a constant speed covers a distance of 750 m in 25 s

What is the carrsquos speed

known values and the unknown value

Identify the known values

covers a distance of 750 m d = 750 m

in 25 s t = 25 s

Identify the unknown value

What is the carrsquos speed s = ms

the problem

Substitute the given values of distance and time into the speed equation

s dt

75025

ms

30 ms

the answer

Does your answer seem reasonable Check your answer by multiplying the time by the

speed The result should be the distance given in the problem

CHECK

SOLVE

means

means

means

IDENTIFY

Speed Equationdistance (in meters)

speed (in meterssecond) time (in seconds)

ds

t

2004

5109574

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 41

Motion with Constant Speed Suppose you are in a car trav-eling on a nearly empty freeway You look at the speedometer andsee that the carrsquos speed hardly changes If the car neither slows downnor speeds up the car is traveling at a constant speed If you aretraveling at a constant speed you can measure your speed over anydistance interval

Changing Speed Usually speed is not constant Think aboutriding a bicycle for a distance of 5 km as in Figure 3 As you startout your speed increases from 0 kmh to 20 kmh You slow downto 10 kmh as you pedal up a steep hill and speed up to 30 kmhgoing down the other side of the hill You stop for a red lightspeed up again and move at a constant speed for a while Finallyyou slow down and then stop Checking your watch you find thatthe trip took 15 min How would you express your speed on sucha trip Would you use your fastest speed your slowest speed orsome speed between the two

Figure 3 The graph shows howthe speed of a cyclist changesduring a tripExplain how you describe thespeed of an object when the speedis changing

Table 1 Examples of Units of Speed

Unit of Examples of Uses Approximate Speed Speed

kms rocket escaping Earthrsquos 112 kms atmosphere

kmh car traveling at highway speed 100 kmh

cmyr geological plate movements 2cmyrndash17 cmyr

Speed Changing over Distance

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Topic Running SpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the runningspeeds of various animals

Activity In your Science Journaldescribe how running fast benefitsthe survival of animals in the wild

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42 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Average Speed Average speed describes speed of motionwhen speed is changing Average speed is the total distance trav-eled divided by the total time of travel It can be calculated usingthe relationships among speed distance and time For the bicy-cle trip just described the total distance traveled was 5 km andthe total time was 14 h or 025 h The average speed was

Instantaneous Speed Suppose you watch a carrsquos speed-ometer like the one in Figure 4 go from 0 kmh to 60 kmh Aspeedometer shows how fast a car is going at one point in timeor at one instant The speed shown on a speedometer is theinstantaneous speed Instantaneous speed is the speed at agiven point in time

Changing Instantaneous Speed When something isspeeding up or slowing down its instantaneous speed is chang-ing The speed is different at every point in time If an object ismoving with constant speed the instantaneous speed doesnrsquotchange The speed is the same at every point in time

What are two examples of motion in which theinstantaneous speed changes

Graphing MotionThe motion of an object over a period of time can be shown

on a distance-time graph Time is plotted along the horizontalaxis of the graph and the distance traveled is plotted along the ver-tical axis of the graph If the object moves with constant speed theincrease in distance over equal time intervals is the same As aresult the line representing the objectrsquos motion is a straight line

For example the graph shown in Figure 5 represents themotion of three swimmers during a 30-min workout Thestraight red line represents the motion of Mary who swam witha constant speed of 80 mmin over the 30-min workout Thestraight blue line represents the motion of Kathy who swamwith a constant speed of 60 mmin during the workout

The graph shows that the line representing the motion of thefaster swimmer is steeper The steepness of a line on a graph is theslope of the line The slope of a line on a distance-time graph equalsthe speedA horizontal line on a distance-time graph has zero slopeand represents an object at rest Because Mary has a larger speedthan Kathy the line representing her motion has a larger slope

s dt

052k5m

h 20 kmh

Figure 4 The speed shown onthe speedometer gives the instan-taneous speedmdashthe speed at oneinstant in time

Describing the Motionof a CarProcedure1 Mark your starting point

on the floor with tape2 At the starting line give

your toy car a gentle pushforward At the same timestart your stopwatch

3 Stop timing when the carcomes to a complete stopMark the spot on the floorat the front of the car witha pencil Record the timefor the entire trip

4 Use a meterstick to meas-ure the distance to the near-est tenth of a centimeterand convert it to meters

AnalysisCalculate the speed Howwould the speed differ if yourepeated your experiment inexactly the same way but thecar traveled in the oppositedirection

Paul SilvermanFundamental Photographs

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 43

Changing Speed The green line represents the motion ofJulie who did not swim at a constant speed She covered 400 mat a constant speed during the first 10 min rested for the next10 min and then covered 800 m during the final 10 minDuring the first 10 min her speed was less than Maryrsquos orKathyrsquos so her line has a smaller slope During the middleperiod her speed is zero so her line over this interval is hori-zontal and has zero slope During the last time intervalshe swam as fast as Mary so that part of her line has thesame slope

Plotting a Distance-Time Graph On a distance-timegraph the distance is plotted on the vertical axis and the timeon the horizontal axis Each axis must have a scale that coversthe range of numbers to be plotted In Figure 5 the distancescale must range from 0 to 2400 m and the time scale mustrange from 0 to 30 min Then each axis can be divided intoequal time intervals to represent the data Once the scalesfor each axis are in place the data points can be plottedAfter plotting the data points draw a line connecting thepoints

Figure 5 The slope of a line on adistance-time graph gives the speedof an object in motionIdentify the part of the graph thatshows one of the swimmers restingfor 10 min

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

0

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Mary swam at a constant speed of 80 mmin Her speed was the fastestso this line has the steepest slope

At first Julieswam witha speed of40 mminThe slope ofthis line isless thanKathys line

Kathy swam with aconstant speed of60 mmin The slopeof this line is less thanthe slope of Marys line

Here Julies speed was80 mmin The slope ofthis line is the same asMarys line

Here Julies speed was 0 mminThe slope of this line is 0 mmin

Topic Olympic SwimmingSpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the speeds ofOlympic swimmers over the past60 years

Activity Make a speed-yeargraph showing the swimmingspeeds over time Are there anytrends in the speed data

2004

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Figure 6 The speed of a storm isnot enough information to plot thepath The direction the storm ismoving must be known too

Velocity You turn on the radio and hear the tail end of

a news story about a hurricane like the one inFigure 6 that is approaching land The stormtraveling at a speed of 20 kmh is located 100 kmeast of your location Should you be worried

Unfortunately you donrsquot have enough infor-mation to answer that question Knowing onlythe speed of the storm isnrsquot much help Speeddescribes only how fast something is moving Todecide whether you need to move to a safer areayou also need to know the direction that thestorm is moving In other words you need to

know the velocity of the storm Velocity includes the speed of anobject and the direction of its motion

Escalators like the one shown in Figure 7 are found in shop-ping malls and airports The two sets of passengers pictured aremoving at constant speed but in opposite directions Thespeeds of the passengers are the same but their velocities are dif-ferent because the passengers are moving in different directions

Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed thevelocity of an object can change even if the speed of the objectremains constant For example look at Figure 7 The race carhas a constant speed and is going around an oval track Eventhough the speed remains constant the velocity changesbecause the direction of the carrsquos motion is changing constantly

How are velocity and speed different Figure 7 For an object to haveconstant velocity speed and direc-tion must not be changing

The speed of this car might be constant but itsvelocity is not constant because the direction ofmotion is always changing

The people on these two escalators have the samespeed However their velocities are differentbecause they are traveling in opposite directions

44

M626_04C_MSS02

(t)S

uper

Sto

ck

(b)R

ober

t H

olm

esC

OR

BIS

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

2004

51722694

Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

2004

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

2004

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NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

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56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 6: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 41

Motion with Constant Speed Suppose you are in a car trav-eling on a nearly empty freeway You look at the speedometer andsee that the carrsquos speed hardly changes If the car neither slows downnor speeds up the car is traveling at a constant speed If you aretraveling at a constant speed you can measure your speed over anydistance interval

Changing Speed Usually speed is not constant Think aboutriding a bicycle for a distance of 5 km as in Figure 3 As you startout your speed increases from 0 kmh to 20 kmh You slow downto 10 kmh as you pedal up a steep hill and speed up to 30 kmhgoing down the other side of the hill You stop for a red lightspeed up again and move at a constant speed for a while Finallyyou slow down and then stop Checking your watch you find thatthe trip took 15 min How would you express your speed on sucha trip Would you use your fastest speed your slowest speed orsome speed between the two

Figure 3 The graph shows howthe speed of a cyclist changesduring a tripExplain how you describe thespeed of an object when the speedis changing

Table 1 Examples of Units of Speed

Unit of Examples of Uses Approximate Speed Speed

kms rocket escaping Earthrsquos 112 kms atmosphere

kmh car traveling at highway speed 100 kmh

cmyr geological plate movements 2cmyrndash17 cmyr

Speed Changing over Distance

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Topic Running SpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the runningspeeds of various animals

Activity In your Science Journaldescribe how running fast benefitsthe survival of animals in the wild

2004

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42 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Average Speed Average speed describes speed of motionwhen speed is changing Average speed is the total distance trav-eled divided by the total time of travel It can be calculated usingthe relationships among speed distance and time For the bicy-cle trip just described the total distance traveled was 5 km andthe total time was 14 h or 025 h The average speed was

Instantaneous Speed Suppose you watch a carrsquos speed-ometer like the one in Figure 4 go from 0 kmh to 60 kmh Aspeedometer shows how fast a car is going at one point in timeor at one instant The speed shown on a speedometer is theinstantaneous speed Instantaneous speed is the speed at agiven point in time

Changing Instantaneous Speed When something isspeeding up or slowing down its instantaneous speed is chang-ing The speed is different at every point in time If an object ismoving with constant speed the instantaneous speed doesnrsquotchange The speed is the same at every point in time

What are two examples of motion in which theinstantaneous speed changes

Graphing MotionThe motion of an object over a period of time can be shown

on a distance-time graph Time is plotted along the horizontalaxis of the graph and the distance traveled is plotted along the ver-tical axis of the graph If the object moves with constant speed theincrease in distance over equal time intervals is the same As aresult the line representing the objectrsquos motion is a straight line

For example the graph shown in Figure 5 represents themotion of three swimmers during a 30-min workout Thestraight red line represents the motion of Mary who swam witha constant speed of 80 mmin over the 30-min workout Thestraight blue line represents the motion of Kathy who swamwith a constant speed of 60 mmin during the workout

The graph shows that the line representing the motion of thefaster swimmer is steeper The steepness of a line on a graph is theslope of the line The slope of a line on a distance-time graph equalsthe speedA horizontal line on a distance-time graph has zero slopeand represents an object at rest Because Mary has a larger speedthan Kathy the line representing her motion has a larger slope

s dt

052k5m

h 20 kmh

Figure 4 The speed shown onthe speedometer gives the instan-taneous speedmdashthe speed at oneinstant in time

Describing the Motionof a CarProcedure1 Mark your starting point

on the floor with tape2 At the starting line give

your toy car a gentle pushforward At the same timestart your stopwatch

3 Stop timing when the carcomes to a complete stopMark the spot on the floorat the front of the car witha pencil Record the timefor the entire trip

4 Use a meterstick to meas-ure the distance to the near-est tenth of a centimeterand convert it to meters

AnalysisCalculate the speed Howwould the speed differ if yourepeated your experiment inexactly the same way but thecar traveled in the oppositedirection

Paul SilvermanFundamental Photographs

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 43

Changing Speed The green line represents the motion ofJulie who did not swim at a constant speed She covered 400 mat a constant speed during the first 10 min rested for the next10 min and then covered 800 m during the final 10 minDuring the first 10 min her speed was less than Maryrsquos orKathyrsquos so her line has a smaller slope During the middleperiod her speed is zero so her line over this interval is hori-zontal and has zero slope During the last time intervalshe swam as fast as Mary so that part of her line has thesame slope

Plotting a Distance-Time Graph On a distance-timegraph the distance is plotted on the vertical axis and the timeon the horizontal axis Each axis must have a scale that coversthe range of numbers to be plotted In Figure 5 the distancescale must range from 0 to 2400 m and the time scale mustrange from 0 to 30 min Then each axis can be divided intoequal time intervals to represent the data Once the scalesfor each axis are in place the data points can be plottedAfter plotting the data points draw a line connecting thepoints

Figure 5 The slope of a line on adistance-time graph gives the speedof an object in motionIdentify the part of the graph thatshows one of the swimmers restingfor 10 min

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

0

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Mary swam at a constant speed of 80 mmin Her speed was the fastestso this line has the steepest slope

At first Julieswam witha speed of40 mminThe slope ofthis line isless thanKathys line

Kathy swam with aconstant speed of60 mmin The slopeof this line is less thanthe slope of Marys line

Here Julies speed was80 mmin The slope ofthis line is the same asMarys line

Here Julies speed was 0 mminThe slope of this line is 0 mmin

Topic Olympic SwimmingSpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the speeds ofOlympic swimmers over the past60 years

Activity Make a speed-yeargraph showing the swimmingspeeds over time Are there anytrends in the speed data

2004

7486701

Figure 6 The speed of a storm isnot enough information to plot thepath The direction the storm ismoving must be known too

Velocity You turn on the radio and hear the tail end of

a news story about a hurricane like the one inFigure 6 that is approaching land The stormtraveling at a speed of 20 kmh is located 100 kmeast of your location Should you be worried

Unfortunately you donrsquot have enough infor-mation to answer that question Knowing onlythe speed of the storm isnrsquot much help Speeddescribes only how fast something is moving Todecide whether you need to move to a safer areayou also need to know the direction that thestorm is moving In other words you need to

know the velocity of the storm Velocity includes the speed of anobject and the direction of its motion

Escalators like the one shown in Figure 7 are found in shop-ping malls and airports The two sets of passengers pictured aremoving at constant speed but in opposite directions Thespeeds of the passengers are the same but their velocities are dif-ferent because the passengers are moving in different directions

Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed thevelocity of an object can change even if the speed of the objectremains constant For example look at Figure 7 The race carhas a constant speed and is going around an oval track Eventhough the speed remains constant the velocity changesbecause the direction of the carrsquos motion is changing constantly

How are velocity and speed different Figure 7 For an object to haveconstant velocity speed and direc-tion must not be changing

The speed of this car might be constant but itsvelocity is not constant because the direction ofmotion is always changing

The people on these two escalators have the samespeed However their velocities are differentbecause they are traveling in opposite directions

44

M626_04C_MSS02

(t)S

uper

Sto

ck

(b)R

ober

t H

olm

esC

OR

BIS

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

2004

51722694

Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

2004

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

2004

15103911

NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

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56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 7: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

42 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Average Speed Average speed describes speed of motionwhen speed is changing Average speed is the total distance trav-eled divided by the total time of travel It can be calculated usingthe relationships among speed distance and time For the bicy-cle trip just described the total distance traveled was 5 km andthe total time was 14 h or 025 h The average speed was

Instantaneous Speed Suppose you watch a carrsquos speed-ometer like the one in Figure 4 go from 0 kmh to 60 kmh Aspeedometer shows how fast a car is going at one point in timeor at one instant The speed shown on a speedometer is theinstantaneous speed Instantaneous speed is the speed at agiven point in time

Changing Instantaneous Speed When something isspeeding up or slowing down its instantaneous speed is chang-ing The speed is different at every point in time If an object ismoving with constant speed the instantaneous speed doesnrsquotchange The speed is the same at every point in time

What are two examples of motion in which theinstantaneous speed changes

Graphing MotionThe motion of an object over a period of time can be shown

on a distance-time graph Time is plotted along the horizontalaxis of the graph and the distance traveled is plotted along the ver-tical axis of the graph If the object moves with constant speed theincrease in distance over equal time intervals is the same As aresult the line representing the objectrsquos motion is a straight line

For example the graph shown in Figure 5 represents themotion of three swimmers during a 30-min workout Thestraight red line represents the motion of Mary who swam witha constant speed of 80 mmin over the 30-min workout Thestraight blue line represents the motion of Kathy who swamwith a constant speed of 60 mmin during the workout

The graph shows that the line representing the motion of thefaster swimmer is steeper The steepness of a line on a graph is theslope of the line The slope of a line on a distance-time graph equalsthe speedA horizontal line on a distance-time graph has zero slopeand represents an object at rest Because Mary has a larger speedthan Kathy the line representing her motion has a larger slope

s dt

052k5m

h 20 kmh

Figure 4 The speed shown onthe speedometer gives the instan-taneous speedmdashthe speed at oneinstant in time

Describing the Motionof a CarProcedure1 Mark your starting point

on the floor with tape2 At the starting line give

your toy car a gentle pushforward At the same timestart your stopwatch

3 Stop timing when the carcomes to a complete stopMark the spot on the floorat the front of the car witha pencil Record the timefor the entire trip

4 Use a meterstick to meas-ure the distance to the near-est tenth of a centimeterand convert it to meters

AnalysisCalculate the speed Howwould the speed differ if yourepeated your experiment inexactly the same way but thecar traveled in the oppositedirection

Paul SilvermanFundamental Photographs

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 43

Changing Speed The green line represents the motion ofJulie who did not swim at a constant speed She covered 400 mat a constant speed during the first 10 min rested for the next10 min and then covered 800 m during the final 10 minDuring the first 10 min her speed was less than Maryrsquos orKathyrsquos so her line has a smaller slope During the middleperiod her speed is zero so her line over this interval is hori-zontal and has zero slope During the last time intervalshe swam as fast as Mary so that part of her line has thesame slope

Plotting a Distance-Time Graph On a distance-timegraph the distance is plotted on the vertical axis and the timeon the horizontal axis Each axis must have a scale that coversthe range of numbers to be plotted In Figure 5 the distancescale must range from 0 to 2400 m and the time scale mustrange from 0 to 30 min Then each axis can be divided intoequal time intervals to represent the data Once the scalesfor each axis are in place the data points can be plottedAfter plotting the data points draw a line connecting thepoints

Figure 5 The slope of a line on adistance-time graph gives the speedof an object in motionIdentify the part of the graph thatshows one of the swimmers restingfor 10 min

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

0

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Mary swam at a constant speed of 80 mmin Her speed was the fastestso this line has the steepest slope

At first Julieswam witha speed of40 mminThe slope ofthis line isless thanKathys line

Kathy swam with aconstant speed of60 mmin The slopeof this line is less thanthe slope of Marys line

Here Julies speed was80 mmin The slope ofthis line is the same asMarys line

Here Julies speed was 0 mminThe slope of this line is 0 mmin

Topic Olympic SwimmingSpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the speeds ofOlympic swimmers over the past60 years

Activity Make a speed-yeargraph showing the swimmingspeeds over time Are there anytrends in the speed data

2004

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Figure 6 The speed of a storm isnot enough information to plot thepath The direction the storm ismoving must be known too

Velocity You turn on the radio and hear the tail end of

a news story about a hurricane like the one inFigure 6 that is approaching land The stormtraveling at a speed of 20 kmh is located 100 kmeast of your location Should you be worried

Unfortunately you donrsquot have enough infor-mation to answer that question Knowing onlythe speed of the storm isnrsquot much help Speeddescribes only how fast something is moving Todecide whether you need to move to a safer areayou also need to know the direction that thestorm is moving In other words you need to

know the velocity of the storm Velocity includes the speed of anobject and the direction of its motion

Escalators like the one shown in Figure 7 are found in shop-ping malls and airports The two sets of passengers pictured aremoving at constant speed but in opposite directions Thespeeds of the passengers are the same but their velocities are dif-ferent because the passengers are moving in different directions

Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed thevelocity of an object can change even if the speed of the objectremains constant For example look at Figure 7 The race carhas a constant speed and is going around an oval track Eventhough the speed remains constant the velocity changesbecause the direction of the carrsquos motion is changing constantly

How are velocity and speed different Figure 7 For an object to haveconstant velocity speed and direc-tion must not be changing

The speed of this car might be constant but itsvelocity is not constant because the direction ofmotion is always changing

The people on these two escalators have the samespeed However their velocities are differentbecause they are traveling in opposite directions

44

M626_04C_MSS02

(t)S

uper

Sto

ck

(b)R

ober

t H

olm

esC

OR

BIS

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

2004

51722694

Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

2004

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NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

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56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 8: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 43

Changing Speed The green line represents the motion ofJulie who did not swim at a constant speed She covered 400 mat a constant speed during the first 10 min rested for the next10 min and then covered 800 m during the final 10 minDuring the first 10 min her speed was less than Maryrsquos orKathyrsquos so her line has a smaller slope During the middleperiod her speed is zero so her line over this interval is hori-zontal and has zero slope During the last time intervalshe swam as fast as Mary so that part of her line has thesame slope

Plotting a Distance-Time Graph On a distance-timegraph the distance is plotted on the vertical axis and the timeon the horizontal axis Each axis must have a scale that coversthe range of numbers to be plotted In Figure 5 the distancescale must range from 0 to 2400 m and the time scale mustrange from 0 to 30 min Then each axis can be divided intoequal time intervals to represent the data Once the scalesfor each axis are in place the data points can be plottedAfter plotting the data points draw a line connecting thepoints

Figure 5 The slope of a line on adistance-time graph gives the speedof an object in motionIdentify the part of the graph thatshows one of the swimmers restingfor 10 min

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

0

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Mary swam at a constant speed of 80 mmin Her speed was the fastestso this line has the steepest slope

At first Julieswam witha speed of40 mminThe slope ofthis line isless thanKathys line

Kathy swam with aconstant speed of60 mmin The slopeof this line is less thanthe slope of Marys line

Here Julies speed was80 mmin The slope ofthis line is the same asMarys line

Here Julies speed was 0 mminThe slope of this line is 0 mmin

Topic Olympic SwimmingSpeedsVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the speeds ofOlympic swimmers over the past60 years

Activity Make a speed-yeargraph showing the swimmingspeeds over time Are there anytrends in the speed data

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Figure 6 The speed of a storm isnot enough information to plot thepath The direction the storm ismoving must be known too

Velocity You turn on the radio and hear the tail end of

a news story about a hurricane like the one inFigure 6 that is approaching land The stormtraveling at a speed of 20 kmh is located 100 kmeast of your location Should you be worried

Unfortunately you donrsquot have enough infor-mation to answer that question Knowing onlythe speed of the storm isnrsquot much help Speeddescribes only how fast something is moving Todecide whether you need to move to a safer areayou also need to know the direction that thestorm is moving In other words you need to

know the velocity of the storm Velocity includes the speed of anobject and the direction of its motion

Escalators like the one shown in Figure 7 are found in shop-ping malls and airports The two sets of passengers pictured aremoving at constant speed but in opposite directions Thespeeds of the passengers are the same but their velocities are dif-ferent because the passengers are moving in different directions

Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed thevelocity of an object can change even if the speed of the objectremains constant For example look at Figure 7 The race carhas a constant speed and is going around an oval track Eventhough the speed remains constant the velocity changesbecause the direction of the carrsquos motion is changing constantly

How are velocity and speed different Figure 7 For an object to haveconstant velocity speed and direc-tion must not be changing

The speed of this car might be constant but itsvelocity is not constant because the direction ofmotion is always changing

The people on these two escalators have the samespeed However their velocities are differentbecause they are traveling in opposite directions

44

M626_04C_MSS02

(t)S

uper

Sto

ck

(b)R

ober

t H

olm

esC

OR

BIS

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

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Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

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NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

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56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 9: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

Figure 6 The speed of a storm isnot enough information to plot thepath The direction the storm ismoving must be known too

Velocity You turn on the radio and hear the tail end of

a news story about a hurricane like the one inFigure 6 that is approaching land The stormtraveling at a speed of 20 kmh is located 100 kmeast of your location Should you be worried

Unfortunately you donrsquot have enough infor-mation to answer that question Knowing onlythe speed of the storm isnrsquot much help Speeddescribes only how fast something is moving Todecide whether you need to move to a safer areayou also need to know the direction that thestorm is moving In other words you need to

know the velocity of the storm Velocity includes the speed of anobject and the direction of its motion

Escalators like the one shown in Figure 7 are found in shop-ping malls and airports The two sets of passengers pictured aremoving at constant speed but in opposite directions Thespeeds of the passengers are the same but their velocities are dif-ferent because the passengers are moving in different directions

Because velocity depends on direction as well as speed thevelocity of an object can change even if the speed of the objectremains constant For example look at Figure 7 The race carhas a constant speed and is going around an oval track Eventhough the speed remains constant the velocity changesbecause the direction of the carrsquos motion is changing constantly

How are velocity and speed different Figure 7 For an object to haveconstant velocity speed and direc-tion must not be changing

The speed of this car might be constant but itsvelocity is not constant because the direction ofmotion is always changing

The people on these two escalators have the samespeed However their velocities are differentbecause they are traveling in opposite directions

44

M626_04C_MSS02

(t)S

uper

Sto

ck

(b)R

ober

t H

olm

esC

OR

BIS

2004

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SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

2004

51722694

Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

2004

7737464

SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

2004

15103911

NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

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56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 10: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

SECTION 1 Describing Motion 45

Motion of Earthrsquos Crust Can you think of something that is mov-ing so slowly you cannot detect its motion

yet you can see evidence of its motion over long periods of timeAs you look around the surface of Earth from year to year thebasic structure of the planet seems the same Mountains plainslakes and oceans seem to remain unchanged over hundreds ofyears Yet if you examined geological evidence of what Earthrsquossurface looked like over the past 250 million years you wouldsee that large changes have occurred Figure 8 shows howaccording to the theory of plate tectonics the positions of land-masses have changed during this time Changes in the landscapeoccur constantly as continents drift slowly over Earthrsquos surfaceHowever these changes are so gradual that you do not noticethem

250 million years ago

Present day

66 million years ago

About 250 million years ago the continentsformed a supercontinent called Pangaea

Pangaea began to separate into smallerpieces and by 66 million years ago thecontinents looked like the figure aboveThe continents are still moving today

Figure 8 Geological evidencesuggests that Earthrsquos continentshave moved slowly over time

2004

51722694

Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

2004

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

2004

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NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

112429146

SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

80770386

54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 11: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

Moving Continents How can continents move around on thesurface of Earth Earth is made of layers as shown in Figure 9The outer layer is the crust and the layer just below the crust iscalled the upper mantle Together the crust and the top part of theupper mantle are called the lithosphere The lithosphere is brokeninto huge sections called plates that slide slowly on the puttylikelayers just below If you compare Earth to an egg these plates areabout as thick as the eggshell These moving plates cause geolog-ical changes such as the formation of mountain ranges earth-quakes and volcanic eruptions

The movement of the plates also is changing the size of theoceans and the shapes of the continents The Pacific Ocean isgetting smaller while the Atlantic Ocean is getting larger Themovement of the plates also changes the shape of the continentsas they collide and spread apart

Plates move so slowly that their speeds are given in units ofcentimeters per year In California two plates slide past eachother along the San Andreas Fault with an average relative speedof about 1 cm per year The Australian Platersquos movement is oneof the fastest pushing Australia north at an average speed ofabout 17 cm per year

46 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the size of an objectrsquos displacement

could be greater than the distance the object travels

2 Describe the motion represented by a horizontal line ona distance-time graph

3 Explain whether during a trip a carrsquos instantaneousspeed can ever be greater than its average speed

4 Describe the difference between average speed andconstant speed

5 Think Critically You are walking toward the back of abus that is moving forward with a constant velocityDescribe your motion relative to the bus and relative toa point on the ground

SummaryPosition and Motion

bull The position of an object is determined rela-tive to a reference point

bull Motion occurs when an object changes itsposition relative to a reference point

bull Distance is the length of the path an objecthas traveled Displacement is the distance anddirection of a change in position

Speed and Velocity

bull Speed is the distance an object travels perunit time and is given by this equation

s dt

bull The velocity of an object includes the objectrsquosspeed and its direction of motion relative to areference point

Graphing Motion

bull On a distance-time graph time is the horizon-tal axis and distance is the vertical axis

bull The slope of a line plotted on a distance-timegraph is the speed

Figure 9 Earthrsquos crust floatsover a puttylike interior

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Oceaniccrust

Lithosphere(rigid rock)

Upper mantle

Asthenosphere(soft rock)

Mantle

Continentalcrust

6 Calculate Speed Michiko walked a distance of160 km in 30 min Find her average speed in ms

7 Calculate Distance A car travels at a constant speedof 300 ms for 08 h Find the total distance traveled in km

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

2004

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

2004

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NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

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SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

80770386

54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 12: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

SECTION 2 Acceleration 47

Acceleration Speed and Velocity Yoursquore sitting in a car at a stoplight when the light turns

green The driver steps on the gas pedal and the car starts mov-ing faster and faster Just as speed is the rate of change of posi-tion acceleration is the rate of change of velocity When thevelocity of an object changes the object is accelerating

Remember that velocity includes the speed and direction ofan object Therefore a change in velocity can be either a changein how fast something is moving or a change in the direction itis moving Acceleration occurs when an object changes its speedits direction or both

Speeding Up and Slowing Down When you think ofacceleration you probably think of something speeding upHowever an object that is slowing down also is accelerating

Imagine a car traveling through a city If the speed isincreasing the car has positive acceleration When the carslows down its speed is decreasing and the car has negativeacceleration In both cases the car is accelerating because itsspeed is changing

Acceleration also has direction just as velocity does Ifthe acceleration is in the same direction as the velocity as in Figure 10 the speed increases and the acceleration is positive Ifthe speed decreases the acceleration is in the opposite directionfrom the velocity and the acceleration is negative for the carshown in Figure 10

AccelerationReading Guide

Identify how acceleration timeand velocity are related

Explain how positive and nega-tive acceleration affect motion

Describe how to calculate theacceleration of an object

Acceleration occurs all around you as objects speed up slow down orchange direction

Review Vocabularyspeed rate of change of positioncan be calculated by dividing thedistance traveled by the time takento travel the distance

New Vocabulary

bull acceleration

Figure 10 These cars are bothaccelerating because their speedis changing

Velocity

Acceleration

Velocity

Acceleration

The speed of this car is increasingThe car has positive acceleration

The speed of this car is decreasingThe car has negative acceleration

2004

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48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

2004

15103911

NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

112429146

SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

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56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 13: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

48 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Changing Direction A change in velocity can be eithera change in how fast something is moving or a change inthe direction of movement Any time a moving objectchanges direction its velocity changes and it is accelerat-ing Think about a horse on a carousel Although thehorsersquos speed remains constant the horse is acceleratingbecause it is changing direction constantly as it travels ina circular path as shown in Figure 11 In the same wayEarth is accelerating constantly as it orbits the Sun in anearly circular path

Graphs of speed versus time can provide informationabout accelerated motion The shape of the plotted curve

shows when an object is speeding up or slowing down Figure 12shows how motion graphs are constructed

Calculating Acceleration Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity To calculate the

acceleration of an object the change in velocity is divided by thelength of the time interval over which the change occurred

To calculate the change in velocity subtract the initial veloc-itymdashthe velocity at the beginning of the time intervalmdashfromthe final velocitymdashthe velocity at the end of the time intervalLet vi stand for the initial velocity and vf stand for the finalvelocity Then the change in velocity is

Using this expression for the change in velocity the accelerationcan be calculated from the following equation

Recall that velocity includes both speed and directionHowever if the direction of motion doesnrsquot change and theobject moves in a straight line the change in velocity is the sameas the change in speed The change in velocity then is the finalspeed minus the initial speed

The unit for acceleration is a unit for velocity divided by aunit for time In SI units velocity has units of ms and time hasunits of s so acceleration has units of ms2

change in velocity final velocity initial velocity

vf viAircraft Carriers An air-craft carrier provides alanding strip for airplanesto land and take off atsea The carrier must beequipped to provideenough negative acceler-ation to stop a movingplane The carrier alsomust be equipped toquickly accelerate planesto allow them to take offon a short runway In1911 American pilotEugene Ely landed on aspecially equipped deckon the battleshipPennsylvania The experi-ment was successful andtoday aircraft carriers arean important part ofnavies worldwide

Figure 11 The speed of thehorses in this carousel is constantbut the horses are acceleratingbecause their direction is changingconstantly

acceleration (in meterssecond2)

a vf vi

t

change in velocity (in meterssecond)

time (in seconds)

Acceleration Equation

2004

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NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

112429146

SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

60656776

52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

80770386

54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

10025672

SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 14: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

NGS TITLE

Figure 12

VISUALIZING ACCELERATION

49

Acceleration can be positive negative or zerodepending on whether an object is speeding upslowing down or moving at a constant speed If

the speed of an object is plotted on a graph with timealong the horizontal axis the slope of the line is related to the acceleration

At the top of thebounce the ballrsquosspeed is zero

The green graphshows how the speed ofa bouncing ball changeswith time as it falls fromthe top of a bounce Theball speeds up as gravitypulls the ball down-ward so the accelera-tion is positive For positive accelerationthe plotted line slopesupward to the right

B

The blue graphshows the change withtime in the speed of a ball after it hits theground and bouncesupward The climbingball slows as gravitypulls it downward so the acceleration isnegative For negativeacceleration the plot-ted line slopes down-ward to the right

C

The car in the photograph on the right is maintaining a constantspeed of about 90 kmh Because thespeed is constant the carrsquos accelera-tion is zero A graph of the carrsquosspeed with time is a horizontal line

A

Spee

d

Time

Spee

d

Time

Spee

dTime

(t)RDFVisuals Unlimited (c)Ron Kimball (b)Richard MegnaFundamental Photographs

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

112429146

SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

60656776

52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

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56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 15: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

50 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Calculating Positive Acceleration How is the accelera-tion for an object that is speeding up different from that of anobject that is slowing down Suppose the jet airliner in Figure 13starts at rest at the end of a runway and reaches a speed of80 ms in 20 s The airliner is traveling in a straight line downthe runway so its speed and velocity are the same Because itstarted from rest its initial speed was zero Its acceleration canbe calculated as follows

The airliner is speeding up so the final speed is greater than theinitial speed and the acceleration is positive

Calculating Negative Acceleration Now imagine thatthe skateboarder in Figure 13 is moving in a straight line at aconstant speed of 3 ms and comes to a stop in 2 s The finalspeed is zero and the initial speed was 3 ms The skateboarderrsquosacceleration is calculated as follows

The skateboarder is slowing down so the final speed is lessthan the initial speed and the acceleration is negative The accel-eration always will be positive if an object is speeding up andnegative if the object is slowing down

(vf vi ) (0 ms 3 ms) a

t

2 s 15 ms2

(vf vi ) (80 ms 0 ms) a

t

20 s 4 ms2

Figure 13 A speed-time graphtells you if acceleration is a positiveor negative number

Positiveacceleration

Time

Spee

d

Negativeacceleration

Time

Spee

d

If acceleration is anegative numberthe line slopesdownward to theright

If acceleration isa positive num-ber the lineslopes upwardto the right

(l)The Image Finders (r)Richard Hutchings

2004

112429146

SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

60656776

52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

80770386

54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

10025672

SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 16: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

SECTION 2 Acceleration 51

Self Check1 Describe three ways to change the velocity of a

moving car

2 Determine the change in velocity of a car that starts atrest and has a final velocity of 20 ms north

3 Explain why streets and highways have speed limitsrather than velocity limits

4 Describe the motion of an object that has an accelera-tion of 0 ms2

5 Think Critically Suppose a car is accelerating so thatits speed is increasing Describe the plotted line on adistance-time graph of the motion of the car

SummaryAcceleration Speed and Velocity

bull Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

bull A change in velocity occurs when the speed ofan object changes or its direction of motionchanges or both occur

bull The speed of an object increases if the acceler-ation is in the same direction as the velocity

bull The speed of an object decreases if the accel-eration and the velocity of the object are inopposite directions

Calculating Acceleration

bull Acceleration can be calculated by dividing thechange in velocity by the time according tothe following equation

a vf

tvi

bull The SI unit for acceleration is ms2

bull If an object is moving in a straight line thechange in velocity equals the final speedminus the initial speed

6 Calculate Time A ball is dropped from a cliff and hasan acceleration of 98 ms2 How long will it take theball to reach a speed of 245 ms

7 Calculate Speed A sprinter leaves the starting blockswith an acceleration of 45 ms2 What is the sprinterrsquos speed 2 s later

Amusement Park AccelerationRiding roller coasters in amusement parks can give you the

feeling of danger but these rides are designed to be safeEngineers use the laws of physics to design amusement park ridesthat are thrilling but harmless Roller coasters are constructed ofsteel or wood Because wood is not as rigid as steel wooden rollercoasters do not have hills that are as high and steep as some steelroller coasters have As a result the highest speeds and accelera-tions usually are produced on steel roller coasters

Steel roller coasters can offer multiple steep drops and inver-sion loops which give the rider large accelerations As the ridermoves down a steep hill or an inversion loop he or she willaccelerate toward the ground due to gravity When riders goaround a sharp turn they also are accelerated This accelerationmakes them feel as if a force is pushing them toward the sideof the car Figure 14 shows the fastest roller coaster in theUnited States

What happens when riders on a roller coaster goaround a sharp turn

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 14 This roller coaster canreach a speed of about 150 kmh in 4 s

Dan FeichtCedar Point Amusement Park

2004

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52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

2004

8359146

SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 17: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

52 CHAPTER 2 Motion

What is forcePassing a basketball to a team member or kicking a soccer ball

into the goal are examples of applying force to an object A forceis a push or pull In both examples the applied force changes themovement of the ball Sometimes it is obvious that a force hasbeen applied But other forces arenrsquot as noticeable For instanceare you conscious of the force the floor exerts on your feet Canyou feel the force of the atmosphere pushing against your body orgravity pulling on your body Think about all the forces you exertin a day Every push pull stretch or bend results in a force beingapplied to an object

Changing Motion What happens to themotion of an object when you exert a forceon it A force can cause the motion ofan object to change Think of hitting a ballwith a racket as in Figure 15 The racketstrikes the ball with a force that causes theball to stop and then move in the oppositedirection If you have played billiards youknow that you can force a ball at rest to rollinto a pocket by striking it with another ballThe force of the moving ball causes the ballat rest to move in the direction of the forceIn these cases the velocities of the ball andthe billiard ball were changed by a force

Motion and Forces Reading Guide

Explain how force and motion arerelated

Describe what inertia is and howit is related to Newtonrsquos first lawof motion

Identify the forces and motionthat are present during a carcrash

Force and motion are directlylinkedmdashwithout force you cannothave motion

Review Vocabularyscientific law statement aboutsomething that happens in naturethat seems to be true all the time

New Vocabulary

bull force

bull net force

bull balanced force

bull inertia

Figure 15 This ball is hit with aforce The racket strikes the ballwith a force in the opposite direc-tion of its motion As a result theball changes the direction it ismoving

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

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54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

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SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 18: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 53

Balanced Forces Force does not always change velocity InFigure 16A two students are pushing on opposite sides of a boxBoth students are pushing with an equal force but in oppositedirections When two or more forces act on an object at thesame time the forces combine to form the net force The netforce on the box in Figure 16A is zero because the two forcescancel each other Forces on an object that are equal in size andopposite in direction are called balanced forces

Unbalanced Forces Another example of how forces com-bine is shown in Figure 16B When two students are pushingwith unequal forces in opposite directions a net force occurs inthe direction of the larger force In other words the student whopushes with a greater force will cause the box to move in thedirection of the force The net force that moves the box will bethe difference between the two forces because they are in oppo-site directions They are considered to be unbalanced forces

In Figure 16C the students are pushing on the box in the samedirection These forces are combined or added together becausethey are exerted on the box in the same direction The net forcethat acts on this box is found by adding the two forces together

Give another example of an unbalanced force

These students are pushing onthe box in the same direction Thecombined forces will cause the boxto move

00Net Force

Topic Forces and FaultLinesVisit gpsciencecom for Web linksto information about the unbal-anced forces that occur alongEarthrsquos fault lines

Activity Use inexpensive materi-als such as bars of soap to modelthe forces and movements alongthe fault lines Share your modelsand demonstrations with your class

These students are pushing onthe box with unequal forces inopposite directions The box will bemoved in the direction of thelarger force

These students are pushing onthe box with an equal force but inopposite directions Because theforces are balanced the box doesnot move

Net Force

Net Force

Figure 16 Forces can bebalanced and unbalanced

2004

80770386

54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

10025672

SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 19: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

54 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Inertia and Mass The dirt bike in Figure 17 is sliding on the track This sliding

bike demonstrates the property of inertia Inertia (ih NUR shuh)is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion Ifan object is moving it will have uniform motion It will keepmoving at the same speed and in the same direction unless anunbalanced force acts on it The velocity of the object remainsconstant unless a force changes it If an object is at rest it tendsto remain at rest Its velocity is zero unless a force makes it move

Does a bowling ball have the same inertia as a table-tennisball Why is there a difference You couldnrsquot change the motionof a bowling ball much by swatting it with a table-tennis paddleHowever you easily could change the motion of the table-tennisball A greater force would be needed to change the motion ofthe bowling ball because it has greater inertia Why is this Recallthat mass is the amount of matter in an object and a bowlingball has more mass than a table-tennis ball does The inertia ofan object is related to its mass The greater the mass of an objectis the greater its inertia

Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion Forces change the motion of anobject in specific ways The British scientist Sir Isaac Newton(1642ndash1727) was able to state rules that describe the effects offorces on the motion of objects These rules are known asNewtonrsquos laws of motion They apply to the motion of all objectsyou encounter every day such as cars and bicycles as well as themotion of planets around the Sun

Figure 17 This racer is skiddingbecause of inertia The bike tendsto move in a straight line withconstant speed despite the effortsof the rider to steer the bikearound the curve

Observing Inertia Procedure1 Create an inclined plane

between 25deg and 50deg usinga board and textbooksPlace a stop block (brick orother heavy object) at theend of the plane

2 Place a small object in acart and allow both to rolldown the plane Recordthe results in your ScienceJournal

3 Secure the object in thecart with rubber bands(safety belts) Allow bothto roll down the planeagain Record the results

Analysis1 Identify the forces acting

on the object in both runs2 Explain why it is important

to wear safetybelts in a car

2004

10025672

SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 20: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

SECTION 3 Motion and Forces 55

Figure 18 The inertia of thebilliard balls causes them toremain at rest until a force isexerted on them by the cue ball

Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion states that an object moving at a constant velocity keepsmoving at that velocity unless an unbalanced net force acts onit If an object is at rest it stays at rest unless an unbalanced netforce acts on it Does this sound familiar It is the same as theearlier discussion of inertia This law is sometimes called the lawof inertia You probably have seen and felt this law at work with-out even knowing it Figure 18 shows a billiard ball striking theother balls in the opening shot What are the forces involvedwhen the cue ball strikes the other balls Are the forces balancedor unbalanced How does this demonstrate the law of inertia

What is Newtonrsquos first law of motion

What happens in a crash The law of inertia can explain what happens in a

car crash When a car traveling about 50 kmh collideshead-on with something solid the car crumples slowsdown and stops within approximately 01 s Any pas-senger not wearing a safety belt continues to moveforward at the same speed the car was travelingWithin about 002 s (150 of a second) after the carstops unbelted passengers slam into the dashboardsteering wheel windshield or the backs of the frontseats as in Figure 19 They are traveling at the carrsquosoriginal speed of 50 kmhmdashabout the same speedthey would reach falling from a three-story building

Figure 19 The crash dummy isnot restrained in this low-speedcrash Inertia causes the dummy toslam into the steering wheelExplain how safety belts can helpkeep passengers from being seri-ously injured

2004

9048743

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Help
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Page 21: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

56 CHAPTER 2 Motion

Self Check1 Infer whether the inertia of an object changes as the

objectrsquos velocity changes

2 Explain whether or not there must be an unbalancednet force acting on any moving object

3 Explain Can there be forces acting on an object if theobject is at rest

4 Infer the net force on a refrigerator if you push on therefrigerator and it doesnrsquot move

5 Think Critically Describe three situations in which aforce changes the velocity of an object

SummaryWhat is Force

bull A force is a push or a pull on an object

bull The net force on an object is the combinationof all the forces acting on the object

bull When the forces on an object are balancedthe net force on the object is zero

bull Unbalanced forces cause the motion of objectsto change

Inertia and Newtonrsquos First Law of Motion

bull The inertia of an object is the tendency of anobject to resist a change in motion

bull The larger the mass of an object the greaterits inertia

bull Newtonrsquos first law of motion states that themotion of an object at rest or moving withconstant velocity will not change unless anunbalanced net force acts on the object

bull In a car crash inertia causes an unrestrainedpassenger to continue moving at the speed ofthe car before the crash

6 Calculate Net Force Two students push on a box in thesame direction and one pushes in the opposite directionWhat is the net force on the box if each pushes with aforce of 50 N

7 Calculate Acceleration The downward force of grav-ity and the upward force of air resistance on a ball are both 5 N What is the ballrsquos acceleration

Safety Belts The crash dummy wearing asafety belt in Figure 20 is attached to the carand slows down as the car slows down Theforce needed to slow a person from 50 kmh tozero in 01 s is equal to 14 times the force thatgravity exerts on the person The belt loosensa little as it restrains the person increasing thetime it takes to slow the person down Thisreduces the force exerted on the person Thesafety belt also prevents the person from beingthrown out of the car Car-safety experts saythat about half the people who die in carcrashes would survive if they wore safety beltsThousands of others would suffer fewer seri-ous injuries

Air bags also reduce injuries in car crashes by providing acushion that reduces the force on the carrsquos occupants Whenimpact occurs a chemical reaction occurs in the air bag thatproduces nitrogen gas The air bag expands rapidly and thendeflates just as quickly as the nitrogen gas escapes out of tinyholes in the bag The entire process is completed in about 004 s

gpsciencecomself_check_quiz

Figure 20 These crash dummieswere restrained safely with safetybelts in this low-speed crashUsually humans would have fewerinjuries if they were restrainedsafely during an accident

2004

70321945

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 22: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

If you stand at a stoplight you will see cars stopping for red lights and then taking offwhen the light turns green What makes the cars slow down What makes them speed upCan a study of unbalanced forces lead to a bet-ter understanding of these everyday activities

Real-World QuestionHow does an unbalanced force on a book affectits motion

Goals Observe the effect of force on the accelera-

tion of an object Interpret the data collected for each trial

Materialstape this science bookpaper clip triple-beam balance 10-N spring scale electronic balancelarge book Alternate materials

Safety Precautions

Proper eye protection should be worn at alltimes while performing this lab

Procedure1 With a piece of tape attach the paper clip

to your textbook so that the paper clip isjust over the edge of the book

2 Prepare a data table with the followingheadings Force Mass

3 If available use a large balance to find themass of this science book

4 Place the book on the floor or on the surfaceof a long table Use the paper clip to hookthe spring scale to the book

5 Pull the book across the floor or table at aslow but constant velocity While pullingread the force you are pulling with on thespring scale and record it in your table

6 Repeat step 5 two more times once acceler-ating slowly and once accelerating quicklyBe careful not to pull too hard Your springscale will read only up to 10 N

7 Place a second book on top of the first bookand repeat steps 3 through 6

Conclude and Apply1 Organize the pulling forces from greatest

to least for each set of trials Do you see arelationship between force and accelera-tion Explain your answer

2 Explain how adding the second bookchanged the results

Force AND ACCELERATION

Compare your conclusions with those ofother students in your class For more helprefer to the Science Skill Handbook

LAB 57

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Help
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Page 23: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

Design Your OwnDesign Your Own

Real-World QuestionThink about a small ball How many ways could you exert a force onthe ball to make it move You could throw it kick it roll it down aramp blow it with a large fan etc Do you think the distance andspeed of the ballrsquos motion will be the same for all of these forces Doyou think the acceleration of the ball would be the same for all ofthese types of forces

Form a HypothesisBased on your reading and observations state a hypothesis abouthow a force can be applied that will cause the toy car to go fastest

Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1 As a group agree upon the hypothesis and decide how you will

test it Identify which results will confirm the hypothesis that youhave written

2 List the steps you will need to test your hypothesis Be sureto include a control run Be specific Describe exactly whatyou will do in each step List your materials

3 Prepare a data table in your Science Journal to record yourobservations

Goals Identify several forces

that you can use topropel a small toy caracross the floor

Demonstrate themotion of the toy carusing each of the forces

Graph the positionversus time for eachforce

Compare the motionof the toy car resultingfrom each force

Possible Materialssmall toy carramps or boards

of different lengthssprings or rubber bandsstringstopwatchmeterstick or tape measuregraph paper

Safety Precautions

Comparing Motion from

Different Forces

58 CHAPTER 2 Motion

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Help
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Page 24: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

4 Read the entire experiment to make sureall steps are in logical order and will leadto a useful conclusion

5 Identify all constants variables and con-trols of the experiment Keep in mind thatyou will need to have measurements atmultiple points These points are neededto graph your results You should makesure to have several data points takenafter you stop applying the force andbefore the car starts to slow down Itmight be useful to have several studentstaking measurements making eachresponsible for one or two points

Follow Your Plan1 Make sure your teacher approves your plan before you start

2 Carry out the experiment as planned

3 While doing the experiment record your observations and complete the datatables in your Science Journal

Analyze Your Data1 Graph the position of the car versus time for each of the forces you applied

How can you use the graphs to compare the speeds of the toy car

2 Calculate the speed of the toy car over the same time interval for each of theforces that you applied How do the speeds compare

Conclude and Apply1 Evaluate Did the speed of the toy car vary

depending upon the force applied to it

2 Determine For any particular force did thespeed of the toy car change over time If so howdid the speed change Describe how you can useyour graphs to answer these questions

3 Draw Conclusions Did your results supportyour hypothesis Why or why not

LAB 59

Compare your data with those of otherstudents Discuss how the forces youapplied might be different from thoseothers applied and how that affected yourresults

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 25: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

A Brave and Startling Truthby Maya Angelou

We this people on a small and lonely planetTraveling through casual spacePast aloof stars across the way of indifferent sunsTo a destination where all signs tell usIt is possible and imperative that we learnA brave and startling truth hellip

When we come to itThen we will confess that not the PyramidsWith their stones set in mysterious perfection hellipNot the Grand CanyonKindled into delicious colorBy Western sunsetsThese are not the only wonders of the world hellip

When we come to itWe this people on this minuscule and kithless1

globe hellipWe this people on this mote2 of matter

When we come to itWe this people on this wayward3 floating bodyCreated on this earth of this earthHave the power to fashion for this earthA climate where every man and every womanCan live freely without sanctimonious piety4

Without crippling fear

When we come to itWe must confess that weare the possibleWe are the miraculous thetrue wonder of the worldThat is when and onlywhenWe come to it

Respond to the Reading1 What adjectives does the poet use to

describe Earth2 What does the poet believe are the true

wonders of the world3 Linking Science and Writing Write a six-

line poem that describes Earthrsquos move-ment from the point of view of the Moon

Sometimes a persondoesnrsquot need to see

movement to know that something hasmoved Even though we donrsquot necessarily seeEarthrsquos movement we know Earth moves rel-ative to a reference point such as the Sun Ifthe Sun is the reference point Earth movesbecause the Sun appears to change its posi-tion in the sky The poem describes Earthrsquosmovement from a reference point outside ofEarth somewhere in space

1 to be without friends or neighbors

2 small particle

3 wanting onersquos own way in spite of the advice orwishes of another

4 a self-important show of being religious

UnderstandingLiteratureDescriptive Writing The poet namessome special places on Earth These placesalthough marvelous fall short of beingreally wonderful How does Angelou con-trast Earthrsquos position within the universe toemphasize the importance of people

60 CHAPTER 2 MotionSylvain GrandadamStoneGetty Images

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 26: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

Describing Motion

1 Motion is achange of positionof a body Dis-tance is the mea-sure of how far anobject movedDisplacement isthe distance anddirection of an objectrsquos change in positionfrom the starting point

2 A reference point must be specified inorder to determine an objectrsquos position

3 The speed of an object can be calculatedfrom this equation

s dt

4 The slope of a line on a distance-timegraph is equal to the speed

5 Velocity describes the speed and directionof a moving object

Acceleration

1 Acceleration occurs when an object changesspeed or changes direction

2 An object speeds up if its acceleration is inthe direction of its motion

3 An object slows down if its acceleration isopposite to the direction of its motion

4 Acceleration is the rate of change of veloc-ity and is calculated from this equation

a vf

tvi

Motion and Forces

1 A force is a push or a pull

2 The net force acting on an object is thecombination of all the forces acting on theobject

3 The forces on an object are balanced if thenet force is zero

4 Inertia is the resistance of an object to achange in motion

5 According to Newtonrsquos first law of motionthe motion of an object does not changeunless an unbalanced net force acts on theobject

CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 61gpsciencecominteractive_tutor

Use the Foldable that you made at the begin-ning of this chapter to help you review motion

(br)Peter NewtonStoneGetty Images (others)Tony FreemanPhotoEdit Inc

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 27: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

Compare and contrast the following pairs ofvocabulary words

1 speedmdashvelocity

2 distancemdashdisplacement

3 average speedmdashinstantaneous speed

4 balanced forcemdashnet force

5 forcemdashinertia

6 accelerationmdashvelocity

7 velocitymdashinstantaneous speed

8 forcemdashnet force

9 forcemdashacceleration

Choose the word or phrase that best answers thequestion

10 Which of the following do you calculatewhen you divide the total distance traveledby the total travel timeA) average speedB) constant speedC) variable speedD) instantaneous speed

11 Which term below best describes the forceson an object with a net force of zeroA) inertiaB) balanced forcesC) accelerationD) unbalanced forces

12 Which of the following is a proper unit ofaccelerationA) skm2 C) ms2

B) kmh D) cms

13 Which of the following is not used in cal-culating accelerationA) initial velocity C) time intervalB) average speed D) final velocity

14 In which of the following conditions doesthe car NOT accelerateA) A car moves at 80 kmh on a flat

straight highwayB) The car slows from 80 kmh to 35 kmhC) The car turns a cornerD) The car speeds up from 35 kmh to

80 kmh

15 What is the tendency for an object toresist any change in its motion calledA) net force C) balanced forceB) acceleration D) inertia

16 How can speed be definedA) accelerationtimeB) change in velocitytimeC) distancetimeD) displacementtime

Use the table below to answer question 17

17 Make a distance-time graph that showsthe motion of both runners What is theaverage speed of each runner Which run-ner stops briefly Over what time intervaldo they both have the same speed

Interpreting Graphics

acceleration p 47average speed p 42balanced force p 53displacement p 39distance p 39force p 52

inertia p 54instantaneous speed p 42net force p 53speed p 39velocity p 44

Distance-Time for RunnersTime (s)

Sallyrsquos Distanc

Alonzorsquos Dista

62 CHAPTER REVIEW gpsciencecomvocabulary_puzzlemaker

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 28: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

CHAPTER REVIEW 63gpsciencecomchapter_review

18 Copy and complete this concept map onmotion

19 Evaluate Which of the following representsthe greatest speed 20 ms 200 cms or02 kms

20 Recognize Cause and Effect Acceleration canoccur when a car is moving at constantspeed What must cause this acceleration

21 Explain why a passenger who is not wearinga safety belt will likely hit the windshieldin a head-on collision

22 Determine If you walked 20 m took a bookfrom a library table turned around andwalked back to your seat what are the dis-tance traveled and displacement

23 Explain When you are describing the ratethat a race car goes around a track shouldyou use the term speed or velocity todescribe the motion

24 Calculate Speed A cyclist must travel800 km How many days will the triptake if the cyclist travels 8 hday at anaverage speed of 16 kmh

25 Calculate Acceleration A satellitersquos speed is10000 ms After 1 min it is 5000 msWhat is the satellitersquos acceleration

26 Calculate Displacement A cyclist leaveshome and rides due east for a distance of45 km She returns home on the samebike path If the entire trip takes 4 hwhat is her average speed What is herdisplacement

27 Calculate Velocity The return trip of thecyclist in question 13 took 30 minlonger than her trip east although hertotal time was still 4 h What was hervelocity in each direction

Use the graph below to answer question 28

28 Interpret a Graph Use the graph to deter-mine which runner had the greatestspeed

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

Time (min)

Runner 1Runner 2

Runnersrsquo Motion

can change when

Motion

occurs when an object

a change in anobjectrsquos motion

Speed

Net forces

Distance and direction of

objectrsquos change in position

Velocity

Changes position

Forces act

which is which iswhich is

and causeand cause

described bydescribed by described by

can be can be

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 29: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

1 Sound travels at a speed of 330 ms Howlong does it take for the sound of thunderto travel 1485 mA 45 s C 4900 sB 45 s D 022 s

Use the graph below to answer questions 2ndash4

2 The graph shows how a cyclistrsquos speedchanged over distance of 5 km What is thecyclistrsquos average speed if the trip took 025 hA 2 kmh C 20 kmhB 30 kmh D 8 kmh

3 Once the trip was started how many timesdid the cyclist stopA 0 C 2B 4 D 5

4 What was the fastest speed the cyclisttraveledA 20 kmh C 12 kmhB 30 kmh D 10 kmh

5 A skier is going down a hill at a speedof 9 kms The hill gets steeper and herspeed increases to 18 ms in 3 s What isher acceleration

A 9 ms2 C 27 ms2

B 3 ms2 D 6 ms2

6 Which of the following best describes anobject with constant velocityA It is changing directionB Its acceleration is increasingC Its acceleration is zeroD Its acceleration is negative

7 Which of the following is a forceA friction C inertiaB acceleration D velocity

Use the table below to answer questions 8 and 9

8 What is Daisyrsquos average speedA 029 kmmin C 29 kmminB 530 kmmin D 34 kmmin

9 Which runner has the fastest averagespeedA Daisy C BillB Jane D Joe

10 The movement of the Australian platepushes Australia north at an averagespeed of about 17 cm per year What willAustraliarsquos displacement be in meters in1000 yearsA 170 m north C 1700 m northB 170 m south D 1700 m south

RunnerDistance Time

covered (km) (min)

Daisy 125 42

Jane 78 38

Bill 105 32

Joe 89 30

64 STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE

Distance

Constant speed

Stopping forred light

Climbingsteep hill

Gainingspeed

Going down-hill

Spee

d (k

mh

)

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

Speed Changing Over Distance

Read Carefully Read each question carefully for full understanding

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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Page 30: Chapter 2: Motion - KaiserScience · PDF file38 CHAPTER 2 Motion Motion Are distance and time important in describing running events at the track-and-field meets in the Olympics? Would

STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE 65

Record your answers on the answer sheetprovided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper

Use the graph below to answer questions 11 and 12

11 The graph shows the motion of threeswimmers during a 30-min workoutWhich swimmer had the highest averagespeed over the 30-min time interval

12 Did all the swimmers swim at a constantspeed Explain how you know

13 Why is knowing just the speed at which ahurricane is traveling toward land notenough information to be able to warnpeople to evacuate

14 If the speedometer on a car indicates aconstant speed can you be sure the car isnot accelerating Explain

15 If a car is traveling at a speed of 40 kmhand then comes to a stop in 5 s what is itsacceleration in ms2

Record your answers on a sheet of paper

16 Describe three ways that your accelerationcould change as you jog along a paththrough a park

17 An object in motion slows down andcomes to a stop Use Newtonrsquos first law ofmotion to explain why this happens

18 Give an example of a force applied to anobject that does not change the objectrsquosvelocity

19 In an airplane flying at a constant speedthe force exerted by the engine pushing theairplane forward is equal to the oppositeforce of air resistance Describe how theseforces compare when the plane speeds upand slows down In which direction is thenet force on the airplane in each case

20 Where would you place the location of areference point in order to describe themotion of a space probe traveling fromEarth to Jupiter Explain your choice

Use the table below to answer question 21

21 What is the relationship between a carrsquosmass and its stopping distance How canyou explain this relationship

22 Two cars approach each other How doesthe speed of one car relative to the othercompare with speed of the car relative tothe ground

CarMass Stopping(kg) distance(m)

A 1000 80

B 1250 100

C 1500 120

D 2000 160

gpsciencecomstandardized_test

Graphing Motion

Dis

tan

ce (

m)

200

400

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

Time (min)10 20 300

Swimmer A

Swimmer B

Swimmer C

Graphing Motion

  • Glencoe Physical Science
    • Contents in Brief
      • Table of Contents
        • Unit 1 Energy and Motion
          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
            • Launch Lab Understanding Measurements
            • Foldables
            • Section 1 The Methods of Science
              • Science Online
              • Integrate History
              • Integrate Earth Science
              • Science Online
                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                  • Applying Math Calculating Centimeters
                  • Integrate Earth Science
                  • Science Online
                  • MiniLAB Determining the Density of a Pencil
                  • Visualizing SI Dimensions
                    • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                      • Applying Math Graphing Temperature
                      • MiniLAB Observing Change Through Graphing
                      • Lab Converting Kitchen Measurements
                      • Lab Setting High Standards for Measurement
                      • Science and Language Arts Thinking in Pictures and other reports from my life with autism
                        • Chapter 1 Study Guide
                        • Chapter 1 Review
                        • Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice
                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                            • Launch LAB Compare Speeds
                            • Foldables
                            • Section 1 Describing Motion
                              • Integrate Astronomy
                              • Applying Math Calculating Speed
                              • Science Online
                              • MiniLAB Describing the Motion of a Car
                              • Science Online
                                • Section 2 Acceleration
                                  • Integrate History
                                  • Visualizing Acceleration
                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                      • Science Online
                                      • MiniLAB Observing Inertia
                                      • Lab Force and Acceleration
                                      • Lab Comparing Motion and Different Forces
                                      • Science and Language Arts A Brave and Startling Truth
                                        • Chapter 2 Study Guide
                                        • Chapter 2 Review
                                        • Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice
                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                            • Launch Lab The Force of Gravity
                                            • Foldables
                                            • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                              • Science Online
                                              • Apply Math The Acceleration of a Sled
                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Friction
                                                • Section 2 Gravity
                                                  • Science Online
                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Centripetal Force
                                                    • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                      • Integrate Health
                                                      • Visualizing Rocket Motion
                                                      • Applying Math The Momentum of a Sprinter
                                                      • Lab Measuring the Effects of Air Resistance
                                                      • Lab The Momentum of Colliding Objects
                                                      • Science and History Newton and the Plague
                                                        • Chapter 3 Study Guide
                                                        • Chapter 3 Review
                                                        • Chapter 3 Standardized Test Practice
                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                            • Launch Lab Energy Conversions
                                                            • Foldables
                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                              • Science Online
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Kinetic Energy
                                                              • MiniLAB Interpreting Data from a Slingshot
                                                              • Integrate Language Arts
                                                              • Applying Math Calculate Gravitational Potential Energy
                                                              • Lab Bouncing Balls
                                                                • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                  • Visualizing Energy Transformations
                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                  • MiniLAB Energy Transformations in a Paper Clip
                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                  • Lab Swinging Energy
                                                                  • Science and History The Impossible Dream
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Study Guide
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Review
                                                                    • Chapter 4 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                        • Launch Lab Doing Work with a Simple Machine
                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                        • Section 1 Work
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Work
                                                                          • MiniLAB Calculating Your Work and Power
                                                                          • Applying Math Calculating Power
                                                                            • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                              • MiniLAB Machines Multiplying Force
                                                                              • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Visualizing Levers in the Human Body
                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                  • Lab Levers
                                                                                  • Lab Using Simple Machines
                                                                                  • Science and Society The Science of the Very Very Small
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Study Guide
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Review
                                                                                    • Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                        • Launch Lab Temperature and Kinetic Energy
                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                        • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                          • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                          • Applying Math Change in Thermal Energy
                                                                                            • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                              • Visualizing Convection Currents
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Heat Transfer by Radiation
                                                                                              • MiniLAB Comparing Thermal Conductors
                                                                                              • Lab Convection in Gases and Liquids
                                                                                                • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                  • Lab Conduction in Gases
                                                                                                  • Science Stats Surprising Thermal Energy
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Study Guide
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Review
                                                                                                    • Chapter 6 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                        • Unit 2 Electricity and Energy Resources
                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Electric Circuits
                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                            • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lightning
                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Investigate Charged Objects
                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Investigating Battery Addition
                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                  • Lab Identifying Conductors and Insulators
                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Power Used by a Clothes Dryer
                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Electrical Energy Used by a Microwave Oven
                                                                                                                      • Lab Comparing Series and Parallel Circuits
                                                                                                                      • Science and Language Arts Invisible Man
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Study Guide
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Review
                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab The Strength of Magnets
                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Magnetic Interference
                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                              • Applying Science How can magnetic parts of a junk car be salvaged
                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Making Your Own Compass
                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Motors and Generators
                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Magnets Coils and Currents
                                                                                                                                      • Lab Controlling Electromagnets
                                                                                                                                      • Science and History Body Art
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Review
                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Heating with Solar Energy
                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Formation of Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing an Efficient Water Heater
                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can a contaminated radioactive site be reclaimed
                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Using Solar Power at Home
                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Solar Heating
                                                                                                                                                      • Lab How much does energy really cost
                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Reacting to Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Review
                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                            • Unit 3 Energy on the Move
                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                • Launch Lab How do waves transfer energy
                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Formation of Ocean Waves
                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Wavelength
                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Waves in Different Mediums
                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Experimenting with Resonance
                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Measuring Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and History Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Review
                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 10 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                • Launch LAB What sound does a ruler make
                                                                                                                                                                                • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Listening to Sound Through Different Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Simulating Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Making Music
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Bat Echolocation
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Using Sonar
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Blocking Noise Pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and Society Noise Pollution and Hearing Loss
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 11 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Can electromagnetic waves change materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Investigating Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math The Speed of Light in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Heating with Microwaves
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab The Shape of Satellite Dishes
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Radio Broadcasts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Radio Frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science and History Riding a Beam of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Rainbows of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing Refraction in Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Energy Waste in Lightbulbs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Light Bender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Polarizing Filters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Language Arts A Haiku Garden
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Making a Water Lens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Images in a Spoon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Reflections of Reflections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Comparing Object and Image Distances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing the Silicon Retina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Experimenting with Focal Lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Make a Refracting Telescope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Sight Lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 14 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 4 The Nature of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Demonstrate the Distillation of Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visualizing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Separating Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Elements Compounds and Mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Calculations with the Law of Conservation of Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Checking Out Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Intriguing Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 15 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Expansion of a Gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Thermal Energy Changes in Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Density and Buoyancy of Substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Calculating Forces Using Pascals Principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Earth Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Atmospheric Layers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math Using Boyles Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Testing the Viscosity of Common Liquids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Hot and Cold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 16 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Inferring What You Cant Observe
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling an Aluminum Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing the Atomic Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Science Radioactive Isotopes Help Tell Time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Organizing a Personal Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab A Periodic Table of Foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Whats in a name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History A Chilling Story
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 17 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Size of a Nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling the Strong Force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applying Math Measuring the Age of Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Social Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Nuclear Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing PET Scans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Chain Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Modeling Transmutations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and History The Nuclear Alchemists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 18 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit 5 Diversity of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Observe Colorful Clues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Discovering Whats in Cereal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Identifying Chlorine Compounds in Your Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab What Type is it
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Crust Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing the Discovery of Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Slippery Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and History The Gas That Glows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemical Bonds and Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Atomic Trading Cards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Bond Type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Polar Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Determining a Formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Can you name binary ionic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Making a Hydrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Become a Bond Breaker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Sticky Subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch LAB RustingmdashA Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Designing a Team Equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Barium Sulfate Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Visualizing Chemical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Creating a Colorful Chemical Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Catalyzed Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lab Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science A Clumsy Move Pays Off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter 21 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unit 6 Interactions of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Launch Lab Solution Identification by Solvent Subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Visualizing Metal Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • MiniLAB Observing the Effect of Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Math Calculating Surface Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Boiling Points of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Observing Clinging Molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate Health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Saturated Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Stats Weird Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 22 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab The Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Observing Acid Relief
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integrate Life Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Acid Concentrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Testing a Grape Juice Indicator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science How can you handle an upsetting situation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lab Be a Soda Scientist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science and Society Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter 23 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Launch Lab Carbon the Organic Element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • MiniLAB Modeling Structures of Octane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate Astronomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab Alcohol and Organic Acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing Petroleum Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Visualizing Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Career
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Applying Science Selecting a Balanced Diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Preparing an Ester
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oops Accidents in Science A Spill for a Spill
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Launch Lab Chemistry and Properties of Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Foldables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Observing Properties of Alloys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Integrate History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MiniLAB Modeling a Composite Material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science Can you choose the right material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Visualizing the History of Computers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Integrate Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab What can you do with this stuff
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lab Can polymer composites be stronger than steel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Science and Society Wonder Fiber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Study Guide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Student Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Science Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scientific Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Safety in the Science Laboratory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Extra Try at Home Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Technology Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Computer Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Presentation Skills
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Math Skill Handbook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Math Review
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Formulas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Extra Math Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reference Handbooks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical Science Reference Tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Periodic Table of the Elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • EnglishSpanish Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Credits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Feature Contents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cross-Curricular Readings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • National Geographic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unit Openers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Visualizing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • TIME Science and History
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oops Accidents in Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science and Language Arts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science Stats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • LABS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Launch LAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • MiniLAB Try at Home
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • One-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Two-Page Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design Your Own Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Model and Invent Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Use the Internet Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Math
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applying Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Science Online
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standardized Test Practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Student Worksheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mastering Standardized Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Probeware Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To the Student
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Getting Started with Probeware
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laboratory and Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 1 Motion of a Bouncing Ball
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 2 Wave Modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 3 Polarizing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 4 Solutions Colloids and Suspensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 5 Conductivity of Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lab 6 Reactions of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and Writing Skills Activities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 12
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 14
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 18
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 21
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 23
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Activity 26
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reading Essentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Science Inquiry Labs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Symbols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety Guidelines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • SI Reference Sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Laboratory Equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Science as Inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 1 Its a Small World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 2 Designing a Classification System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 3 Effects of Acid Rain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 4 Growth Rings as Indicators of Climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 5 Radiation and Its Effects on Seeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 6 Survival in Extreme Climates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 7 Upfolds and Downfolds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 8 Making Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 9 A Trip Around the World
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 10 Investigating Diatomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 11 Coal Whats My Rank
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 12 Tornado in a Jar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 13 Identifying Metals and Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 14 The Inside Story of Packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 15 Lenses that Magnify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 16 Electrolytes and Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 17 Curds and Whey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 18 Cabbage Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 19 States of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Activity 20 Isotopes And Atomic Mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Note-Taking Tips
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Using Your Science Notebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Methods of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Standards of Measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Describing Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Motion and Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Newtons Second Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Gravity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 The Third Law of Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 The Nature of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Conservation of Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Using Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Simple Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Temperature and Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Transferring Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Using Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Electric Charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Electrical Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Producing Electric Current
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Fossil Fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Nuclear Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Renewable Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 The Nature of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Wave Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 The Behavior of Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 The Nature of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Music
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 4 Using Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 What are electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Radio Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 The Behavior of Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Light and Color
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Producing Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Using Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Mirrors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Optical Instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Composition of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Properties of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Kinetic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Properties of Fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Behavior of Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Structure of the Atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Masses of Atoms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 The Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Nuclear Decay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Detecting Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Nonmetals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Mixed Groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Stability in Bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Types of Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Chemical Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Chemical Equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Classifying Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 4 Chemical Reactions and Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 1 How Solutions Form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 2 Solubility and Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 3 Particles in Solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Section 4 Dissolving Without Water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 1 Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 2 Strength of Acids and Bases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Section 3 Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 1 Simple Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 2 Other Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 3 PetroleummdashA Source of Carbon Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Section 4 Biological Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chapter Preview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 1 Materials with a Past
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 2 Versatile Materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Section 3 Polymers and Composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study Guide and Reinforcement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 2 Motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 3 Forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 4 Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 5 Work and Machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 6 Thermal Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 7 Electricity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 8 Magnetism and Its Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 9 Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 10 Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 11 Sound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 13 Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 14 Mirrors and Lenses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 15 Classification of Matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 16 Solids Liquids and Gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 17 Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 19 Elements and Their Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 20 Chemical Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 22 Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 23 Acids Bases and Salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 24 Organic Compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 25 New Materials Through Chemistry
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